The Effects Of Stress, Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, Gender, Coping St :: essays research papers

The cause of Stress, Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, Gender, Coping Styles, andFamily Alcoholism on Alcohol functionAbstract     One large component of American popular finale today is intoxicant. Acommon stereotype for the effects of alcoholic drink is that as a drug it acts as astress antagonist. This theory was introduced by Conger (1956) as the Tension reduction Hypothesis (TRW). It states that alcohols sedative bodily function on thecentral nervous system serves to reduce tension, and because tension step-downis reinforcing, passel drink to escape it (Marlatt & Rehsenow, 1980). Why do wedrink, when do we drink, and how much do we drink? This research will determinethe correlation coefficient between total weekly drug addiction of alcohol and perceived stress,alcohol outcome expectancies, gender, heading styles, and family history ofalcoholism among undergraduate students. Do people drink more or less whenstressed? Do alcohol outcome expectancies lead to higher or lower employment?Is a history of family alcoholism positively or negatively correlated to ad hominem consumption? Do the tested variables play mediating or moderatingroles in stress-related drinking? This research will determine the answers tothese questions, and determine the strength of the correlations, if any. adit     The main question that this statistical model will answer is as followsIs there any correlation between drinking and gender, alcohol expectancies,family alcoholism, stress, and coping styles?Gender     It has been demonstrated that significant differences exist between thedrinking patterns of workforce and women (Hilton, 1988). In a survey of US drinkinghabits conducted in 1988 by the US National Center for Health Statistics, Dawsonand Archer (1992) showed that there are three areas illustrating genderdifferences. The first is the actual number of male and pistillate drinkers. Thestudy showed that 64% o f men versus 41% of women were current drinkers. Second,men were more likely to consume alcohol on a daily foot (17.5 grams of ethanolper day versus 8.9 grams for women). Third, men were more likely to be categorize as glowering drinkers. In fact, when the classification measure of a"heavy drinker" was changed from five drinks or more per day to nine drinks ormore per day the ration of male to female heavy drinkers change magnitude by a factorof 3.Stress     Are the theories mentioned above astir(predicate) stress-induced drinking accurate?There have been studies which disprove the Tension Reduction Hypothesis. Forinstance, in a study by Conway, Vickers, Ward, and Rahe in 1981 it was foundthat "the consumption of alcohol among Navy officers during periods of high jobdemands was actually lower than the consumption during low-demand periods."Additionally, some drinkers have been known to consider alcohol as a tension