Alcohol Essay -- essays research papers

Many pregnant women ar not aware of the complications that are involved with pregnancy. The greater volume of young women see pregnancy as a way of bringing a liveness into the world but do not use solicitude in their dietary habits to prevent the destruction or inhibition of such a life. well-nigh pregnant women continue on their drinking and drug step binge right throughout their pregnancy. They do not think ahead to the inexplicable handicap that it could do to their fetus. What they do not know is that when a fair sex drinks while pregnant it could do damage, and pose fusss not only to herself, but to the fetus that she is carrying. The problem? FAS, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. According to many physicians it is the leading guinea pig of birth defects and maturemental disabilities in the United States today. Douglas A. Milligan states that, "FAS is the single greatest cause of mental meanwhile in the U.S. today". ( Seachrist, p. 314) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome was fi rst named and toughened and found in the late 1960s. This condition results from the toxic effect of alcohol and its chemical factors on the developing fetus and its brain. The alcohol enters the bloodstream though the placenta and then(prenominal) the damage begins to materialise. FAS consists of a characteristic pattern of abnormalities resulting from the exposure that the fetus has had with alcohol during early development. in that location have been many reports linking alcohol use and foetal deficiencies in growth that emerged from France in the late 1950s. Not until the 1960s was the correlation made betwixt the number of defects and the increase amount of babies born with the syndrome. The term Fetal Alcohol Syndrome was coined to exposit the pattern of the abnormalities found in some children born to alcoholic women. It clearly was very evident and distinctive in the recognition of itself and was distinct from all some other patterns of malformation in the fetus ther e was a significant association found between the alcohol consumption rates during pregnancy and a demoralize general cognitive index of these children. Being further studied in the 1970s under the purport as a birth defect that occurs, FAS was one of the nigh common causes of birth defects. Researchers said that it occurred in almost 1 of every 500 to 1 in every thousand births.( Seachrist, p. 314) There is a study thing that causes difficulty in the diagnos... ...cose from father to fetus. Several studies have shown that with the human placental interweave alcohol directly obstructs the transport of both these substances. These are deuce essential substances that, through research with rat embryos, have proven that the depravity of such causes malformations of fetal tissues energy sources. The materials needed for cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation are too affected in this. The supplemental glucose thus becomes only minimally effective because of the lack of reducing of fetal growth retardation. (Michaelis and Michaelis, p. 21) Included within the nutritional deficiencies that occur are the loss of vitamins B6 and A. There is noted decrease in the transfer of B6 from an alcoholic mother to her fetus through the placenta. This vitamin is especially important in the development of the fetus because it functions as protein metamorphosis. There exists also a possible defect in the metabolism of folic acid. The lack of which during the gestation period produces malformations in the fetus. The last vitamin deprivation that I will note revolves around the receiving of vitamin A from the alcoholic mother to the fetus via the placenta. Alcohol Essay -- essays research papers Many pregnant women are not aware of the complications that are involved with pregnancy. The greater majority of young women see pregnancy as a way of bringing a life into the world but do not use precaution in their dietary habits to prevent the destructi on or inhibition of such a life. Most pregnant women continue on their drinking and drug abuse binge right throughout their pregnancy. They do not think ahead to the inexplicable damage that it could do to their fetus. What they do not know is that when a woman drinks while pregnant it could do damage, and pose problems not only to herself, but to the fetus that she is carrying. The problem? FAS, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. According to many physicians it is the leading cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities in the United States today. Douglas A. Milligan states that, "FAS is the single greatest cause of mental retardation in the U.S. today". ( Seachrist, p. 314) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome was first named and treated and found in the late 1960s. This condition results from the toxic effect of alcohol and its chemical factors on the developing fetus and its brain. The alcohol enters the bloodstream though the placenta and then the damage begins to occur. FAS consists o f a characteristic pattern of abnormalities resulting from the exposure that the fetus has had with alcohol during early development. There have been many reports linking alcohol use and fetal deficiencies in growth that emerged from France in the late 1950s. Not until the 1960s was the correlation made between the number of defects and the increasing amount of babies born with the syndrome. The term Fetal Alcohol Syndrome was coined to describe the pattern of the abnormalities found in some children born to alcoholic women. It clearly was very noticeable and distinctive in the recognition of itself and was distinct from all other patterns of malformation in the fetus there was a significant association found between the alcohol consumption rates during pregnancy and a lower general cognitive index of these children. Being further studied in the 1970s under the heading as a birth defect that occurs, FAS was one of the most common causes of birth defects. Researchers said that it occ urred in almost 1 of every 500 to 1 in every thousand births.( Seachrist, p. 314) There is a major thing that causes difficulty in the diagnos... ...cose from mother to fetus. Several studies have shown that with the human placental tissue alcohol directly obstructs the transport of both these substances. These are two essential substances that, through research with rat embryos, have proven that the depravity of such causes malformations of fetal tissues energy sources. The materials needed for cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation are also affected in this. The supplemental glucose thus becomes only minimally effective because of the lack of diminution of fetal growth retardation. (Michaelis and Michaelis, p. 21) Included within the nutritional deficiencies that occur are the loss of vitamins B6 and A. There is noted decrease in the transfer of B6 from an alcoholic mother to her fetus through the placenta. This vitamin is especially important in the development of the f etus because it functions as protein metabolism. There exists also a possible defect in the metabolism of folic acid. The lack of which during the gestation period produces malformations in the fetus. The last vitamin deficiency that I will note revolves around the receiving of vitamin A from the alcoholic mother to the fetus via the placenta.

Understanding Of Scottish Society :: essays research papers fc

AbstractThe concept of a nation state has onlyemerged over the last couple ofcenturies, before this point less travel and coherent statesmanaged the affairs of the populous.The nation state is the overlapping oftwo separate features. The nation is theidentity that individuals relate to indoorsthe society. This can exist on its own, asall that is needed is a person to feel thatthey have a connection with others on nomore than shared belonging. The stateis used to invade national feelings ofloyalty and use them to effectivelygovern muckles lives. The state almostlike a governmental overlay for anational identity to tend within.Scotland can be seen in this lightbecause it is a fine example of whatnationhood looks like, without theapparatus of the state to cloud thepicture. Scotland has this dual identity ofScottish nation within the confines of aBritish state.In answering this question it is necessary toinvestigate the origins of modern nation states.Firstly examining what the term Nation Statemeans by fault it down into its two parts. Lastly Iwill examine how accurate a term the Nation Stateis when applied to Scottish Society.The Nation State is a recent phenomena, with mostof kind history being founded on statelesssocieties. These stateless societies refer to thetribal and clan systems that existed across theglobe, before the emergence of larger societiessuch as Empires and Kingdoms. These societieswere fit to function as they were relatively small.The whole or at least a large part of the communitycould be involved in whatever decision that need to bemade, although because of their size complexdecision making processes were needed. With theincrease of population and the subsequentcompetition for limited resources, systems startedto emerge that could handle the new-sprung(prenominal) demands.Economies started to produce more than what wasrequired by the community, so the surplus was tradewith neighbouring communities. This process alsocreated the need for higher authority to govern thetransactions amongst the communities. Theseembryonic communities developed into what can bedescribed as traditional states, with a sovereignleader such as a King or Emperor who ruledabsolutely. They could do this because they held thereins of the states military forces. In Max Webersview this was the critical component of any state.For a state to be legitimate it mustiness have a monopolyof the use of violence within the confines of its ownterritory. However usually this was only a last resortand the ordinary people were quite unaware of thestate developing around them. A limited form ofgovernment would emerge to ensure that the Headof the State could rule effectively.

Liberation Thought and Bhakti-yoga Essay -- Liberation Ideology, Hind

bagging is a prominent ideology well stressed throughout the formation and development of history Hinduism. In general, the religious school of Indian philosophy is multiform with different tendencies, but mostly focused on explaining critical issues such as the phenomenon of nature, the meaning of life, the source of human suffering, and the path, which is the way to service of process people exit from the suffering of the life. Like any some other ancient Indian religions thoughts, Hinduism also aims at the ultimate liberation. This is well expounded within its philosophies and practices. For Hinduism, the ultimate liberation is returning to Braham. According to Bhagavad Gita, there are three ways of practice that lead to liberation.. These are janna-yoga (the way of knowledge), bhakti- yoga (the practice of devotion) and karma-yoga (the course of action). In other words, superstar can practice any of these methods to achieve union with God. This paper I will analyze some impo rtant aspects of bhakti-yoga and how it can lead one to induce ultimate liberationreturn to Atman. In doing this investigation, I hope to help the reader broaden their knowledge on liberation in Hinduism. As Radhakrishnan says we may climb the mountain from different paths, but the view from the summit is identical for all. II. What does liberation means in Hinduism?The moksha word is often translated as salvation or liberation. In Longman Dictionary, liberation is defined as the act of freeing prisoners, a city, a country, etc. According to Hinduism, moksha, mukti from the cycle of suffering and rebirth (samsara) is the supreme aspiration of human existence. Much has been written about the nature and path of release. True liberation means freeing of an individ... ... to them, take care to bless them with Mukti also. In other words, if one loves God and serves Him with wholeheartedly, he or she will be granted with moksha, liberation.Works CitedEmbree, Ainslie Thomas, Stephe n N Hay, and William Theodore De Bary. Sources of Indian Tradition. mod York Columbia University Press, 1988.Fort, Andrew O, and Patricia Y Mumme. Living Liberation in Hindu Thought. Albany, NY State Univerasity of New York Press, 1996.Huyler, Stephen P. Meeting God Elements of Hindu Devotion. New Haven, CT Yale University Press, 1999.Longman Dictionary of American English A Dictionary for Learners of English. New York, N.Y. Longman, 1983.Radhakrishnan, S. Indian Philosophy. New York Macmillan, 1958.Tyagisananda. Aphorisms on the Gospel of Divine Love Or, Narada Bhakti Sutras,. Madras Sri Ramakrishna Math, 1967.

The Inmate - Original Writing :: Papers

The Inmate - Original Writing The sounds of the keys echoed across the hallway. Past each set of bars the keys rang a wanted freedom. As the keys and the guard strolled past, almost motionless bodies turned, all drawing closer to the keys. Closer, closer stop. The cold bars make the wall that could not be broken. The freedom. All detention were on this wall except one. One set of hands lay quiet, still and with no movement. These hands belonged to a tall, dark-haired person, a man, and a ghost? ===================================================================== As the guard reached the end of the hallway this sly-looking being whispered, Its mine Laughter spread across the cages as usual. You on the high again, crossing? sniggered Jon. Wait and see, wait and see. The evil laugh that sounded after seemed to be from the movies. The spokesperson trembled. Everyone just lay quiet. The next morning appeared as quickly as the routine it was accust omed to. The inmates were ga in that locationd for breakfast, given time outside for some exercise and then brought back to their cages. Same routine, equivalent times, same people-but today something was different. Something was just not right. What is it bout today? questioned Henry, Its just so strange. I cant put my finger on it. The other men nodded in agreement Yeah, it feels equivalent some one jus died, replied Mark The hall filled with an uneasy silence. Mark got up and looked outside the small window, in the back of is cell he stood there gazing. He said to himself, Ive spent too long in here, 20 years of my life, 20 years for something I didnt even do. A strange voice then called, Mark Mark I will set u free he turned but nothing again the voice Mark, Mark still nothing. Mark turned to his fellow inmates and shouted, Who is that? they all looked at him blankly. He ran to the cold

Northern Cascades National Park :: essays research papers

The purpose of this paper is to give you some background in assortmentation on northern cascade National Park and to pour forth about the management techniques the park uses to preserve it. Northern Cascades National Park became a national park on Oct 2, 1968, when Lyndon Johnson sighed the North Cascades Act. xx years later congress designated 93% of the park as a Stephen Mater Wilderness. When congress declares an area as wilderness, it provides extra protection against human impact. Northern Cascades National Park is mostly used for backpackers and mountain climbers, who have little impact on the park. There is one gravel road afford to the public that is in the park, only if very few people utilize it. Each year Northern Cascades National Park receives about 400,000 visitors for recreational purposes. Native Americans were amongst the first to use this area. Four Indian tribes inhabited the Cascades the Upper Skagits, Sauk, Suiattle, and Swinomish who were attracted to thi s area for its plentiful resources. By the 1770s there was Euro American heading in the Cascades. The Euro Americans used this area to get furs and pelts for trading. The beaver, wolf, and grizzly bear were the most sought after pelts in the cascades, do to their abundance. Later many would come to exploit the cascades, but there wasnt much of what they were looking for.Northern Cascades National Park is about 684,000 acres and encompasses Ross Lake and Lake Chelan National Recreation Area. In nowadayss society there are very few wilderness areas that arent impacted by human activity like Northern Cascades National Park. Many areas within the park have had little human intervention. In many areas of the park the only human impact is coming form air and water pollution, which doesnt sound good. But this is still a lot less impact than other parks receive. The Cascades stretch as far south as California and continues north to British Columbia. The cascade mountain range didnt used to be part of North America, but millions of years ago it attached itself do to accumulation of sediment, colliding tectonic plates, and volcanic activity (www.north.cascades.national-park.com/info.htm). The Cascades is one of the youngest mountain ranges in the world and one of the abstain growing.Depending where you are in the park the climate can dramatically change. From the hundreds of small lakes and rivers that sculpt the lowlands to the mountain tops that reach up to 1000

Northern Cascades National Park :: essays research papers

The purpose of this paper is to give you some background information on northernmostern cascade down home(a) commons and to talk about the management techniques the park uses to preserve it. Northern Cascades National Park became a national park on Oct 2, 1968, when Lyndon Johnson sighed the North Cascades Act. Twenty years later congress designated 93% of the park as a Stephen Mater Wilderness. When congress declares an area as wilderness, it provides extra shelter against human usurpation. Northern Cascades National Park is mostly used for backpackers and mountain climbers, who have little impact on the park. There is one beat road open to the public that is in the park, but very few people utilize it. Each year Northern Cascades National Park receives about 400,000 visitors for recreational purposes. Native Americans were amongst the first to use this area. Four Indian tribes inhabited the Cascades the Upper Skagits, Sauk, Suiattle, and Swinomish who were attracted to this area for its plentiful resources. By the 1770s there was Euro American presence in the Cascades. The Euro Americans used this area to get furs and pelts for trading. The beaver, wolf, and grizzly bear were the most sought after pelts in the cascades, do to their abundance. Later more would come to mine the cascades, but there wasnt much of what they were looking for.Northern Cascades National Park is about 684,000 acres and encompasses Ross Lake and Lake Chelan National diversion Area. In todays society there are very few wilderness areas that arent impacted by human activity akin Northern Cascades National Park. Many areas within the park have had little human intervention. In many areas of the park the only human impact is coming form air and water pollution, which doesnt sound good. But this is still a lot less impact than other parks receive. The Cascades stretch as far south as California and continues north to British Columbia. The cascade mountain range didnt used to be discover of North America, but millions of years ago it attached itself do to accumulation of sediment, colliding tectonic plates, and volcanic activity (www.north.cascades.national-park.com/info.htm). The Cascades is one of the youngest mountain ranges in the realism and one of the fasting growing.Depending where you are in the park the climate can dramatically change. From the hundreds of small lakes and rivers that sculpt the lowlands to the mountain tops that reach up to mebibyte

Key Causes of Water Scarcity and Researched Solutions Essay

1.0Introduction This report is nearly the change magnitude in take on for peeing system, and its purpose is a twofold, firstly to see and explore some of the ca calls of the ever increasing issue of the scarcity of water due to industrial, agricultural and consumer demand in society, and secondly to analyse the solutions of this concern for the chancellor of Western Australia, Mr Colin Barnett. This is because water is a valuable resource that is vital for the human race and developing countries such as Australia impart be facing an increase in domestic consumption of water by 70 percent in the future (Cashman and Ashley 2008). There were certain strangulateations surrounding this report, for example the word limit for this report was 1000 words and I was permitted to use a minimum of five scholarly sources and a maximum of seven. The methodology of my research began by use the database proquest on the Internet, where I found these reliable sources.2.0Causes of Demand for Wat er 2.1Industrial Demand Industrial Water Consumption Industries be one of the major key causes of the change magnitude demand for water. Many industries require water to operate and perform the functions that ar required to produce the goods or services in question. This is because industries such as inunct and mining, are hugely dependable on extreme capacities of water thus, making them susceptible to water shortages (Holbrook 2009). Industries therefore depend on these large amounts of water for action and simultaneously are one of the essential instigators in the ever-increasing problem of water scarcity.In places such as New South Wales, Adelaide and Melbourne where mining operations are carried out, water scarcity is even more extreme. This is because of the material that is being carryed they are mined in those areas and those areas alone, and therefore the large volume of water that is destinyed to extract them is adding to the concern of water scarcity. An estimate o f water between 100 and 8000 litres are required to obtain one tonne of ore, and to worsen the situation, mining operations cannot be shifted causing water availability to be problematic in those areas (Holbrook 2009). This issue allows an increased strain on the local communities in which mining operations are performed thus causing a concern for the people living in those areas.2.2Agricultural Demand Population Growth The demand for agriculture is one of the most prodigal causes of water scarcity. This is because agriculture needs fresh water in the process of its production. Agriculture consumes the majority of global fresh water, making it one of the most terrible water sources of the increased water demand the production of food is also rising due to people growth, of about 80 million people per twelvemonth (Holbrook 2009). harmonise to Irvine and Saulwick (2009), Australia is poised to be the worlds fastest growing industrialized nation over the next four decades, with a r ate of population growth higher even than India. Thus with population increasing by a vast number every year, the demand for fresh water will additionally increase, therefore adding to the water scarcity in Australia.2.3Consumer Demand Economic Growth The development of the economy is another cause of the increased demand for water in the world today. As the population grows, so does the demand for goods and services and therefore results in economic growth which is one of the major causes of water consumption. According to Barbier (2004), the extensive water dilemma is the result of economic development and the rise in population. The production of the increased demand for goods and services require water, and as the need for these goods increase, so will water demand.3.0Solutions to Water Scarcity 3.1Watershed Improvement in water management is one way to reduce water demand. Water sectors that tag political boundaries amidst a certain watershed come together to meet their needs whilst protecting the ecosystem (Klausner, Mitten and Ingram 2007).3.2Conservation Techniques In order to protect the earth, freshwater demand has to be decreased and by doing so the majority of freshwater users need to be active in the process of decreasing the chances of water shortages. Therefore by educating users about adequate water preservation techniques, water demand can be decreased. According to Klausner, Mitten and Ingram (2007), by educating farmers about the finest irrigation methods, they can have the opportunity to use water efficiently. Farmers use a vast majority of freshwater and the Australian farmers can be educated about the methods and capital required to conserve water.3.3 repossess Water Reclaimed water is wastewater that has been treated to remove impurities. The substitution of this water can improve the issue of water scarcity. According to Klausner, Mitten and Ingram (2007), countries such as Japan use almost 80% of reclaimed water in their industrial se ctor. The limited amount of freshwater supplies makes this conservation method more accepted. It is an excellent idea, especially for the southerly of Australia where there is Mawson Lake and can recycle water.4.0Conclusion The aim of this report was to outline the causes for the increased demand for water and to provide researched solutions. I provided information on the increased demand for water due to population growth, economic growth and the industrial consumption of water. The damages of water shortage are very dangerous and the consequences are insidious because of ecological and human health issues. Although demand can be reduced by the use of reclaimed water, conservation techniques and watershed methods. In Australia, the methods can be implemented to decreasing water demand for the future.5.0Recommendations In order to improve water use in Australia, the factors that need to be considered are water use by using reclaimed water to flush toilets, wash clothes and water gardens, educating farmers on water use, by informing them on irrigation techniques and watershed methods. In doing so, water demand in Australia will be reduced in the future if these methods are explored and practiced.

Compare and Contrast ‘The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Innocence and Experience’ Essay

so far though, a hundred and s horizontalty nine years later, lying in his grave, William Blake is still one of the best influences in meter and even daily life today. Blakes work, unrecognised during his lifetime, barely instanter is al or so universally considered that of a genius. Northrop Frye, who undertook a study of Blakes entire opus, What is in proportion to its merits the least read body of poetry in the English Language. Blake was born into a middle class family in 1757. The bible, being one of the most worshipped yet most fe ared arte situations in Blakes time, was his biggest influence in his work, and was to be his biggest influence until the day he died.As Blake matured into a bud poet, artist and engraver, his parents were with him every step of the way. In 1782, Blake married Catherine Boucher, a girl he respected, loved, needed and most importantly, shared a passion in his work. Blake abhorred thrall with a passion, he also believed strongly in racial and sexu al equality, but in Blakes era, both racial and sexual equality was as good as impossible. As all men are alike tho infinitely various. William Blake. Blake believed that innocence and experience were the two contrary states of the human soul, and that current innocence was impossible without experience.The disastrous end to the French revolution caused Blake to lose faith in the goodness of mankind. As religious as Blake was, he believed in that respect was some kind of bad side to religion he believed that children lost their innocence through exploitation from a religious community that put article of faith before mercy. In this essay I volition explain why Blake believed that religion caused a corruption in the innocence of children and also I entrust compare both innocence and experience chimney Sweeper poetrys and see how dissimilar they are to each other, and how similar they are in a different sense.Songs of innocence contains poems written from the perspective of c hildren or written about them, children being a key meaning of innocence.In The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Innocence the self- touched thing is basically a summary of Blakes hates, Child Slavery, Death and the Dark Side of Religion. It also includes a lot of description of downcast imagery, black representing the soot. In stanza one, it tells us the story of when the child (who is tell us the poem) is brought into life, and sold off when he could barely cry, and brought up into a life full of poverty, and woeful living. Blake ends the first stanza with a very harrowing way, so your chimneys I sweep and in soot I sleep. This line is supposed to make readers feel tense, as if to value, these children must have had a hard life.In the second stanza, Blake describes a young boy in the name of Tom Dacre, about how he cried when he got his head shaved, his hair curled like a dears back. The fourth line, Hush, Tom Never mind it, for when your heads bare, you know that soot can no longer spoil your white hair. This gives out a sense of a childish like security, full of pure innocence, yet strong in perception as the young narrator comforts little Tom. Toms white hair, that curled like a lambs back has some sort of message in it, lamb and white mean pure and innocent, maybe this is showing the innocence in these little children.In The third stanza, Tom goes to sleep and has a frightful dream that all of the chimney sweepers were lying in locked black coffins. This is telling us that Tom is scared he feels locked up, he cannot show his inner self, and he wants out. The fact that his friends were in these coffins shows his fears, that he fears losing the only people he can love in his life. The coffins of Black could represent the fact that the whole poem, is about chimney sweepers, and the colour black is related to them. Black is also a colour of fear, death and evil, this represents the life in the times of chimney sweepers.In the fourth stanza, His dream ta kes a turn, and an angel opens all the locked black coffins with a golden key, and all the chimney sweepers are set free. They are able to cleanse themselves in the river and play in the bright sun. Dreams represent something they represent messages and meanings, and even can become reality at some point later in life or even soon after the dream has occurred.This dream that this child had, is a message of power, but also comfort at the turning point, it is saying that it is all passage to be okay, the bright key is telling us that tom wont be locked in this embrace for his life, and the brightness encourages warm and strength for him to keep going, then(prenominal) down a green plain leaping, laughing as they run and wash in a river, and shine in the sun. this is showing that there will be good times in his reality. They are able to forget for a moment about their lives that are doomed with work and poverty.In the one-fifth stanza, it says still dreaming and playing among the cl ouds Tom is told by the angel that if he is good, God will always take care of him. Tom then awakes from the dream, and though his situation has not changed, tom does as hes told to, and in his heart understands that everything happens for a reason. The nakedness of the children could represent vulnerability.In this poem, these childrens main informant of TLC is God, god is their parents, their teacher and their love, after a dream Tom is confronted by the fact that God is his father and he no longer feels alone. Even though tom has been plunged into this chimney sweeping job he doesnt want to do, he knows he has no choice, just to grin and bare it, and now he can do what the narrator did to him, comfort others in hard times and not neglect them in moments of tribulation, and he can say he actually understands how they feel.The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Experience. This poem clearly denounces the church, where are thy father and mother, say? They have both gone up to the church to pray. This childs parents have left this venerable little thing in the cold, crying, full of soot, wanting love.In stanza two, it describes this child as being happy, why happy? Because it feels free. They garment me in the clothes of death these clothes of death is the clothing of a chimney sweeper, that is the impact on this child, thats what Blake is telling us, that being a chimney sweeper at such a young age, can kill. And taught me to sing the notes of woe this could emphasize the lords collection, or some form of holy/religious prayer or hymn. The fact that this innocence is pursued by this experience, because of all this religion, compared to The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Innocence this religion is black, its incontinent, as if its worshipping the devil instead of god.In the fail stanza, it pieces the whole poem together, the narrator is saying that because I am happy and dance and sing, they think they have done me no injury he is telling us that he dances and si ngs to keep himself occupied from thinking of bad things, like the fact that this job he is in is so bad and he has no freedom at all, only the freedom to dance and sing, but it gives people the wrong impression, as if he is happy in this job.And are gone to adulation God and his priest and king, who make up a heaven of our misery this last catching sentence is implying that they have gone to church, free of these children they gave birth to, and are rejoicing in their names, the king who is supposed to look after his society, is doing nothing, the childrens parents, who should be there for their children, are praying to god, thinking their children are fine in their jobs, and what this poem is implying, unlike The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Innocence that god is enjoying their pain and misery. Even the churches dont care about these children. Blake scorns not only these childrens parents, but god also, god is the guardian of children, and hes supposed to look after them but act ually, they collaborate with these wrong doings and slavery of children.I think both poems are completely different from one another in some ways, like the fact that the moral of these poems are the same, to give us a message that these children are in suffering. But they are completely different in the fact that The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Innocence is conveying God in a good light, it shows religion is a good thing, and it shows innocence in all these children, and this innocent childish like feeling is there when you read it, whereas, The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Experience conveys God and Religion, even the King and Parents, in an evil way, it makes us feel ashamed that someone as human as us can do that to a child, and it gives you a sense of experience, like a lamb, as innocent as that is, compared to a gun, how experienced is that? Also the illustration with the poem gives off this sense of evil, with all the black, and the expression of the chimney sweeper is sad, tied down, locked up inside.

Unit 242 It Security for Users

242 IT certificate for users 242. 1 Select and use appropriate methods to minimise security risk to IT frames and selective entropy Assessment Criteria 1. 1 Describe the security issues that may threaten system dressanceThe possible threats to system performance may be unwanted e-mail ( netmail), malicious programs (including viruses, trojans) and hackers.Security precautions can be taken beforehand such as use of inlet controls. We can configure anti-virus software, adjust firewall settings, adjust internet security settings backup store personal info and software safely treat messages, files, software and attachments from unknown sources with caution download security software updates. 1. Describe the threats to system and information security and integrityThe possible threats to information security may be from theft, unauthorised access, accidental file deletion, use of removable storage media malicious programs (including viruses, trojans), hackers, phishing and individualism theft unsecured and universal networks, default passwords and settings, wireless networks, Bluetooth, portable and USB devices. 1. Keep information secure and manage personal access to information sources securelyProtect systems and data gateway controls Physical controls log-in details should be treated as credit card information and not to be left lying anywhere with an soft access, locks, passwords, access levels. 1. 5 Describe ways to protect hardware, software and data and minimise security riskThere are steps to prevent threats to system and information access to information sources should be allowed with Username and password/PIN selection.The system set up on password strength how and when to change passwords (monthly) online identity/profile Real name, pseudonym what personal information to include, who can see the information Respect confidentiality, avoid inappropriate disclosure of information. 1. 7 Describe why it is important to backup d ata and how to do so securely entropy backup involves the storing of files from your computer in another location. In this way, if there is ever any loss of data on your primary machine, you belt up have your data in backup in order to restore those files.Read thisChapter 2 Why Security is NeededIn order to maintain the integrity of stored data, fox data should be protected from physical damage as well as from tampering, loss, or theft. This is best done by limiting access to the data. passenger car should decide which members are authorised to access and manage the stored data. Notebooks or questionnaires should be unploughed together in a safe, secure location away from public access, e. g. , a locked file cabinet. Privacy and anonymity can be assured by replacing names and other information with encoded identifiers, with the encoding key kept in a different secure location.Ultimately, the best way to protect data may be to fully educate all members of the team some data pro tection procedures. As a way of protection data and confidential information in Trust Royal Marsden Hospital there is mandatory Information Governance training yearly for every employee. Theft and hacking are particular concerns with electronic data. Many research projects involve the collection and maintenance of gracious subjects data and other confidential records that could become the target of hackers.The costs of reproducing, restoring, or replacing stolen data and the length of recovery time in the event of a theft highlight the occupy for protecting the computer system and the integrity of the data. Electronic data can be protected by taking the pastime precautions * Protecting access to data. * Protecting your system by keeping up-to-date software and if using connection to the Internet, use a firewall. * regularly back up electronic data files and create both hard and soft copies.Data storage and backup is important because * Properly storing data is a way to safeguard your information. * Data may need to be accessed in the future. * 1. 8 Select and use effective backup procedures for systems and dataTo have an effective back up you will need to create a procedure for how you will back up data and restore your data in the case of loss. You will need to have a plan in place that details the steps to take when an emergency situation occurs. You will need to plan for each possible type of mishap and how you would recover from it.You will also need to decide who is responsible for restoring files and which files have highest priority, and have a communication plan to keep everyone informed of the restoration process. At my workplace there is a following procedure in place each employee has been created a personal U drive to store confidential information which can be accessed by logging in with individually created nickname and password (that requires change monthly). And on each PC each employee can perform under Microsoft system tools back up which can be stored on a server. In future the backed up data can considerably be restored if needed.

The Relevancy that Zionism Possess in the Arab-Israeli Conflict

Executive SummaryTh conflict btwn th Isralis and th chum salmonstinians was a consqunc of on of th most glorious and crativ movmnts of th last cntury modrn Zionism. A hundrd yars ago, som of th most vital lmnts in th J coveting community all ovr th creative activity attmptd to join th modrn world by rjcting th passivity of thir ancint mssianic rligion.Th Zionists thought that Jws would achiv a mannequin of rdmption by casing to b diffrnt from and prscutd by th nations of th world. Somhow, thy thought, th invitabl discomforts and conflicts with th Arabs would b rsolvd. Th Jws would find pac and accptanc in th land whr thir ancstors had onc fashiond thir rligion and cultur. But it was non to b. Instad, from its vry bginning to this vry day, Zionism has confrontd a cntury of war.This papr discuss th issu of Jws on th land of Palstin is vry complx. Th nationalists bliv that th J respect popl will b ndangrd unlss thir bas is r-stablishd in thir ancint homland. Thus nithr group pot vr grant th ultimat Palstinian dmand that th Jws cas thir aggrssion and go lswhr. Modrn Zionism bgan with th vision of a normalizd J like popl, a nation among nations that would b pop out of th world as of right. Th most important Jwish dmand is thrfor that at th nd of th pac procss, th Arabs agr that th Jws xistnc in th rgion is prmannt and can nvr again b qustiond.Th Rlvancy that Zionism Possss in th Arab-Israli combatTh conflict btwn Zionism and th Arab stats has bn th focus of intrnational attntion sinc th nd of human being War I. It was a subjct of major concrn to th old Lagu of Nations aftr World War II, it was on of th first disputs in which th Unitd Nations (U.N.) was involvd. For many yars, it was a factor in th Cold War btwn th Sovit Union and th Wst. (Smith, 1992) Mor than half a dozn spcial U.N. organizations hav bn cratd to dal with th situation. (Rich, t al., 1996)Th conflict has cntrd on th struggl btwn Zionism, or Jwish nationalism, and Arab nationalism for control of Palstin. (Yonah, 1973) It has involvd non only th Jwish and Arab inhabitants of Palstin but besides thir rspctiv supportrs around th world, that is, both Jwish and non-Jwish advocats of a Jwish stat and th 21 mmbrs of th Arab Lagu and thir supportrs throughout th Islamic and many Third World nations. (Lsch & Tschirgi, 1998)Palstin did not xist as a sparat political ntity until Grat Britain took ovr th country at th nd of World War I. From 1517 until 1918, Palstin was part of th Ottoman mpir. (Lsch & Tschirgi, 1998) Prior to th Ottoman ra, th country had lot of rulrs. Jwish, and latr Zionist, claims to Palstin driv from biblical accounts of ancint Hbrw tribs and Isralit kingdoms that xistd in th country. (Smith, 1992)Palstin is also important to Christianity and Islam. Jsus Christ was born and did in Palstin and livd most of his lif thr. Palstin bcam an Arab and Islamic country som 1,300 yars ago whn tribs from th Arabian pninsula conqurd it during thir swp through th Middl ast aftr th dath of th Propht Muhammad. (Frdman, 1979)Th Arab-Israli conflict originatd in th contst among uropan powrs to control th Arab trritoris of th Ottoman mpir. Just at th tim that Arabs bgan to dvlop thir own sns of nationalism, thy found thir drams contstd by uropan ambitions and by th countrclaims of th nw Jwish nationalist movmnt that aros in urop. In addition to faring uropan colonialism, rsidnts of Arab provincs bgan to far th Zionist movmnt. (Smith, 1992)A sns of Jwish nationalism was mrging in urop in th 1880s, in raction to dp-satd anti-Smitism and to th difficulty that Jws facd assimilating into uropan socity. Zionists flt that Jws could not b fully accptd in urop and that thy ndd to rul thir own indpndnt stat. Although Zionism attractd limitd support in th formativ priod, Jwish immigration to Palstin from 1882 to 1914 incrasd th numbr of Jwish rsidnts from 6 prcnt to 10 prcnt of th population thr. (Smith, 1992)Th World Zionist Organization (WZO), foundd in 1897 (Lsch & Tschirgi, 1998), assistd immigrants and bought land with th aim of crating a Jwish stat in Palstin. Whn th Palstinian rsidnts protstd against ths political aims, th Ottoman rulrs trid to rstrict Jwish immigration and purchas of land. (Nff, 1995) This Jwish nationalism clashd with th nationalism of th Palstinian Arabs, who comprisd 90 prcnt of th rsidnts. (Smith, 1992)Th Arabs bittrnss ovr th Palstinians fat bgan to b matchd by Zionist hostility to British rul at th nd of th 1930s. (Nff, 1995) Although th official Zionist ladrship dcidd not to ngag in armd struggl against British rul whil Britain was fighting Hitlrs Grmany, som Zionist splintr groups wagd a campaign of trrorism against th mandatory administration, vn during World War II. (Davidson, 1996) Aftr th war ndd, official Zionist-British rlations in Palstin dtrioratd into a tns, and somtims violnt, confrontation. (Frdman, 1979)World War II ld to a groundswll of support in th Unitd Stats and urop for a Jwish stat, as a rsul t of shock at th Nazis nar annihilation of uropan Jwry. (Smith, 1992) Zionists hardnd thir political position, insisting that th Jwish stat essential ncompass all of Palstin bcaus that stat would srv as th havn for world Jwry. Th war also cratd a massiv problm of displacd prsons in urop, ovr on hundrd thousand of whom wr Jws.Zionist ladrs pointd to th lgal barrirs hindring th immigration of Jws to th Unitd Stats and othr countris, and strongly supportd th rcommndation of th Anglo-Amrican Committ of Inquiry in 1946 that thos on hundrd thousand Holocaust survivors sttl in Palstin. (Smith, 1992) Th loss of Palstin mbittrd Arabs against th uropan colonial powrs that had carvd up thir land and aidd Zionism. (Yonah, 1973) But th dfat also ld to slf-criticism. Arab popls dnouncd thir rulrs for corruption, and Arab soldirs dnouncd thir military officrs for incomptnc. (Wagnr, 2003)Th Zionist charactr of th stat of Isral has rmaind th major cornrston of th Palstinian-Israli conflict sinc 194 8. (Gilland, 2003) As such it must b undrstood if any maningful, fair and just solution to th conflict is to b considrd. Th Zionism of Israls charactr has rmaind chiefly a scular Jwish nationalism by dfinition, it has to do with th Jwish popl. (Strnhll, 2004)Th Palstinian position has nvr rally bn facd by th Isralis and thir supportrs throughout th world. Zionists, both in Isral and abroad, ar ssntially Wstrnrs who bliv that problms hav rational solutions and that ag-old rligious or nationalist quarrls can ultimatly b solvd by compromis. (Lsch & Tschirgi, 1998)Zionism has bn a grat succss and a grat failur. (Gilland, 2003) Th succss is th cration of a viabl Jwish Stat with a population that includs almost half th worlds Jws. (Mattair, 1992) Th failur is that it has provokd Arab nmity to such a dgr that a military dfat of Isral would b followd by a scond Holocaust. (Rs, Hamad & Klin, 2003) Isral was stablishd in ordr to provid a havn from prscution, but has bcom th country in which Jws run th highst risk of dath by violnc.Golda Mir blivd that a pac agrmnt with th Arabs cannot b achivd until th nighboring Stats hav bcom dmocracis. (Salt, 2002) This viw may wll b corrct, but fforts to achiv a modus vivndi btwn Isral and th Arabs must b rsumd whn th lattr hav casd to bliv that thir aims can b achivd by trrorism. (Mzvinsky, 2003) Undoubtdly, Zionism posss a grat rlvancy in Arab-Israli conflict. Howvr, no steadfast pac will b possibl until th Palstinian Arabs hav abandond th aim of dstroying Isral by crating an Arab mass in that country by insisting on th rturn of th rfugs and thir dscndants and th majority of Palstinian Arabs hav bcom citizns of Arab countris.ReferencesFreedman, Robert O. (1979) World Politics and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Pergamon Press.Geddes, Charles L. A (1991) Documentary History of the Arab-Israeli. Praeger.Reich, B., Goldberg, J. et al. (1996). A Historical Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli. Greenwood PressYonah, Alexander, ed. (1973). Cr escent and Star Arab and Israeli Perspectives on the Middle East Conflict. New York AMS Press,Smith, Charles D. (1992). Palestine and the Arab -Israeli Conflict. 2nd Ed. New York St. Martins Press.Hertzberg, Arthur. (2001, Jan/Feb). A Small Peace for Middle East. Foreign Affairs, Vol. 80, Issue 1.Wagner, Donald E. (2003, June 28). Marching to Zion. Christian Century, Vol. 120, Issue 13Lesch, Ann M. & Tschirgi, Dan. (1998) Origins and Development of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Greenwood Press.Gilland, Bernard. (2003, January) Zionism, Israel and the Arabs. Contemporary Review, Vol. 282.Rees Matt, Hamad, Jamil & Klein, Aharon. (2003, January 20) Back to Zionism. Time Europe, Vol. 161 Issue 3, p.40Sternhell, Zeev. (2004, October). Blood and Soil. Index on Censorship, Vol. 33. Issue 4, pp. 178-189.Salt, Jeremy. (April-May 2002). Armageddon in the Middle East? Arena Magazine, Vol 3Mezvinsky, Norton. (2003) The vestigial Realities of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict after 11 September. Ar ab Studies Quarterly, Vol. 25Neff, Donald (1995) The Palestinians and Zionism 1897-1948. Middle East Policy, Vol. 4Davidson, Lawrence. (1996) Zionism, Socialism and United States Support for the Jewish Colonization of Palestine in the 1920s. Arab Studies Quarterly, Vol. 18Mattair, Thomas R. (1992) The Arab Israeli Conflict from Shamir to Rabin to Peace? Middle East Policy, Vol. 1

Analysis of Unilever’s Risks and Risk Management Strategies Essay

With the rapid breeding of modern economy, companies atomic number 18 always open to jeopardizes which are penetrate to all walks of life and not only exist in the products market, but alike exist in fiscal market (Ballou, 2005). It is undoubtedly that risks jeopardize the callers development in that they whitethorn increase the cost of a social clubs operating theatre and demonstrate it harder for a company to make a crucial decision. Accordingly, it is essential to know risks and find out risk perplexity strategies.This essay pass on firstly map out Unilevers personal credit line bewilder and have a brief analysis on it. Following this, it will illustrate specifically risks Unilever is exposed to in discharge of the transmission line model. Meanwhile, it will manoeuver out many risks Unilever has not managing enough. Next, the essay will assess some risk vigilance strategies Unilever has taken to mitigate or avoid the risks. Finally, it will suggest the compan y some more risk management strategies in order to help it mitigate or pr character risks.Analysis of Unilevers Business simulationBusiness ModelA stemma model, strictly speaking, is the organizations core logic for creating value (Jane & Susan, 2000). After over 80 years development, Unilever has start one of the largest suppliers of consumer products in the world. Its strong portfolio of foods, home and personal care brands is trusted by consumers the world over. Unilevers top 13 brands account for total gross revenue of over EUR23 billion and top 25 brands represent nearly 75% of the sales (Unilever Annual Report, 2009). Unilever is a well-operated company, and its dividing line model is mapped out as follows account PartnersSuppliersContractorsDistributorsKey ActivitiesResearchDesignProductionSaleValue PropositionProduce innovative and good-quality personal and household care goods for consumers and try to make passel feel good and comfortable every day Produce and sell nu tritious foods, such as tea, ice cream, dressing to people and to make them get laid a better life. Customer RelationshipsDeliver goods to customers via various channelsCustomer SegmentsHuge segment of customersCustomers all over the worldKey ResourcesBrands /LabelsEmployeesProduction Sites & Lines engineering science Information,Intellectual Property, Embracing DiversityChannelsMalls SupermarketsStores GroceriesPharmaciesTerminal MarketsCost StructureResearch cost, design cost, fruit cost, supply and sale cost, marketing and promotional spend, management cost Revenue Structure Sales of the consumer goods the company researches, designs and produces.Analysis of the Business ModelThe business model mapped out above indicates that a multi-national enterprise interchangeable Unilever has an integrated and inseparable business chain which is global on the one knock over, and multi-level on the early(a) hand, that is, its scotch activities involve employees, suppliers, producers, s torage, terminal markets, retailers, customers and other beneficiaries (Ian, 2009). Such business model enables Unilever to become a world top supplier of consumer products. However, each coin has two sides. Since the Unilevers business chain connects each other so closely and relates to numerous parties and factors, thus the companys whole operation is rather vulnerable and is easily subject to various risks. jeopardizes Exposed to Unilever in light of the Business ModelMarket UncertaintiesAs a top supplier of consumer products, Unilevers business activities are operated within a global, vigorous and competitive market. Its business development is subject to the condition and change of the whole market. Firstly, economic condition plays a crucial role on the development of Unilevers business as consumption demand and purchase susceptibility of consumers directly influence the sale of the products. 2008 and 2009 were relatively tough years for Unilever due to the global economic cr isis (Unilever Annual Report, 2009).The economic downturn reduces consumers wealth and makes them unable to buy as many products as before. Meanwhile, customers purchasing ability was gravidly undermined and turned to buy those inexpensive but impregnable products rather than those top-grade products. Customers reactions affect Unilevers turnover, profit and cash die hard. Next, more and more companies are targeting the market of consumer goods due to the attraction of billions of consumers. Thus, the market of consumer goods is just same a piece of pie and is shared by more and more competitors. Therefore, the whole market is uncertain and Unilever has to be well prepared for the fight against the economic uncertainties and the industrial fierce rivalry.Financial InstabilityThe interest rate risk is a risk brought to the value or the cash flow or profitability of a company when the change of the interest rate occurs. To clarify it more specifically, the floating interest rate exposes the company to the risk of the increase interest cost and the increased borrowing afterwards while the doctor interest rate makes the company subject to the risk of the loss of the fair value.Meanwhile, as a multinational company whose business activities are operated in more than 180 countries, Unilever is exposed to the risk of the fluctuation of the exchange rate during the process of the change of currencies and the actual value of the specie may be decreased due to such fluctuation (Unilever Annual Report, 2009). Provided that Unilever does not handle the issue of interest rate and exchange rate well, the company may be subject to the exposure of the reduction of cash flow, turnover, profits which may subsequently adversely impact the companys credit rating, ability to raise stock certificates and confidence of investors.Environmental RiskAs a top producer of consumer goods, some waste water is generated for disposal and the company also discharges some CO2 from ener gy that the company uses in the process of the production (Unilever Annual Report, 2009). In case the said issues are not dealt with appropriately, the environment will probably be polluted.One of the Unilever factories in Brazil discharged a great deal of stink smell to the air due to the false operation in 2008 which impacted upon more than 100 thousand peoples normal life and Unilever was imposed a fine of 10 million Brazilian Real by the Brazilian government due to such pollution (Unilever Annual Report, 2009). Similar haps will greatly molest the reputation of the company as not only the government but also common peoples awareness of environmental protection has been greatly improved nowadays. Accordingly, Unilever is exposed to the environmental risk which may result in the heavy fine and adverse reputation.Loss of CustomersUnilevers extraordinary achievement obtained nowadays is on the one hand because of the superior products it supplies and on the other hand is inseparab le to the customers sufficient trust of the company and its brands. However, the following three factors may undermine customers trust to the company and its brands a. Products kick downstairs to meet high product safety standards. Quality inspectors in each state have set many standards and are doing lots of inspection lean to chequer the safety of products sold in the market.In case the product is found insecure or with any shortcomings, customers will feel disappointed b. neglect of new products and technical capability. Customers have quite high requirements on products. Lack of new products and technical capability will push customers to other supplier of mistakable consumer goods c. The service and product provided by the competitive company is better than Unilever. Loss of customers trust may be caused by several reasons, while the result is obviously the loss of the companys cash flow and the damage of the companys growth and profitability.Operation RiskEach step of U nilevers business activity is separable to each other (Unilever Annual Report, 2009). For example, the companys production of goods is conditioned by the timely and secure supply of the raw-material, while the favored sale of goods needs effective storage and statistical distribution capability. However, the supply of the companys raw material, mostly agriculture products, is based on the secure and sufficient agricultural production which may be influenced by weather, water scarcity, and farming practices. Similarly, the storage and distribution of products is usually influenced by the storage and distribution capability, the cost of it and the topical anesthetic social stability. Any issue of the foregoing may badly influence Unilevers normal production and sale and subsequent cash flow, turnover, and profit and other business indexes.Risk of Employees and TalentsUnilever is a company with more than 300 operation agencies in 88 countries, more than 1000 well-known brands and se lls its products in more than cl countries. Thus the successful operation of the company not only depends on the superior products, but also needs appropriately qualified employees. In the event that the company suffers high employment turnover rate, it may be exposed to the risk of high cost of studying, suspended market share and loss of some investment opportunities which will impact the smooth development of the company and undermine the companys capability of competitiveness in the market. judicial RiskUnilever is doing business in more than 150 countries. Different country has very contrastive legal system and regulations concerning the employment, the product safety, the pricing, the intellectual property rights, the disclosure, the environment and other factors (Ian, 2009). Legal risk may probably bring a suit to the company and will do harm to the companys reputation in local market.Other Risks exposed to but not identified or Elaborated by Unilever Unilever has found out and elaborated some risks exposed to the company however, at that place are some risks which have not aroused Unilevers great attentionRisk of New products ExploitationIn order to confront the industrial competition, Unilever needs to exploit continually new products to attract customers and consolidate the relationship with customers. The exploitation of a new product basically involves following steps design, research, excerpt of the scheme, the involvement and allocation of the resources, the production and promotion of the products. However, there are some uncertain factors existing in the process of new products exploitation, such as technology, market, fund and environment and each uncertain factor may lead to the unsuccessful exploitation, loss of cost or negative reputation to the company (Michel, 2001).Physical RiskA company is unavoidably exposed to some natural disasters or accidents (Jane, 2000), such as fire, windstorm or earthquake which will cause the property dama ge or employees body injury. Such damage or injury will cause the companys normal operation affected and subsequently, turnover, cash flow and profitability will be impacted.Other risksThe company is also exposed to other risks such as fiscal, tax and so on.Interaction of Risk Factorsstinting Downturn Market Uncertainties Risk of New Product Exploitation Financial Instability Legal Risk Loss of Customers Risk of Employees and Talents Operation Risk completely risks illustrated above do not exist independently but rather influence interactively (Geert, 2008). The economic downturn will lead to the financial instability which may cause the company to operate adversely and the subsequent poor operation may cause the company to face more fierce industrial competition and environmental risk. The said issues are easy to lead to the loss of employees and talents which may also subsequently lead to poor operation and vice versa. To sum up, the factors make with each other and t he company has to take some effective and holistic measures to defend these risks.Assessment of Unilevers Risk instruction Strategies Unilever has recognized that most of the risks exposed to it may become material obstacles to the companys further development. Accordingly, it has tried to taken some effective and structured measures to identify and then exploit the disclose risk management strategies for the business (Michael, 2007). The specific risk management strategies it has exploited are as follows1. Unilever has been carefully monitoring economic indicators and consumer behavior in different areas through extensive and professional research in order to respond quickly and take new and flexible measures to meet the changing demand of customers.2. In order to deal with the issue of financial instability, the company has been making efforts to get access to global debt markets through various ways such as short-term or long-term debt programs. Unilever attaches great importan ce to the fluctuation of interest rate, trying to have different types of financial services and balance the risks between floating and fixed rate interest after a professional prediction and assessment of the interest rate Regarding to the foreign exchange rate, Unilever sets a form _or_ system of government which limits the operating companies financial foreign exchange exposures so as to minimize such risk. 3. Unilever has made a series of standards and policies for the procedure of design, manufacture, and distribution of products to ensure the high standards of products quality.Unilever also has a Sustainable Development Group which is comprised of five external specialists, engaging in the companys development of the strategy. Unilever also has specific policy concerning products recall in case theres products quality incident. 4.Unilever has set complete and effective contingency measures and system to ensure the material supply or to share the production task between differ ent production sites or to use substitute materials in case of the lack of the material. The company also calculates the cost of transportation and distribution from time to time and to adjust the policy and service promptly to optimize the cost. These measures enable the company to operate well. 5. Unilever needs to find a way to attract, develop, train and retain qualified employees.The company has an admiring human resource system. It has established Resource Committees to identify employees skill and capability, define employees career paths. It also provides numerous opportunities for employees to improve their skills, leadership abilities through training and coaching. Meanwhile, Unilever shall take measures to enhance employees risk management ability. Ballou and Heiger (2005) propose shifting the employees attitudes about risk management to intromit monitoring, measuring, and haughty certain risks while sharing, avoiding, and accepting that other risks will not occur effe ctively in a short period of time.6. Unilever has set policies to make sure employees follow policies and tarry by local laws and regulations in all relevant aspects concerning its business and activities. Regarding those crucial issues and activities, the prior legal check and consent are needed in the company. In a word, Unilever has been making great efforts to build effective, reasonable and practicable strategies for risk management. The boards have overall responsibility for Unilevers risk management and the company has a Code of Business Principles which stipulates the standards of business operation and requires employees to abide by the code. The above strategies enable Unilever to operate its business well in the global market.New Risks Exposed to Unilever and Recommended Risk counseling Strategies Besides risk management strategies mentioned above, the writer will recommend some more strategies for Unilever and try to bequeath it some ideas onbetter monitor and manage its risks.Transfer and Divert RisksIn order to avoid the damages and losses brought by such risks to the development of the company, Unilever may select to transfer risks by applying for insurance. Modern insurance system is the idealist way to transfer risks (Mike, 2006). For example, Unilever may transfer the risks of property, employers liability and business col by applying for the insurance of Property All Risks, Employers Liability and Business Interruption so as to transfer risks to the insurance company.Establish an Effective check up on SystemRisk management is not only to establish a risk management for business procedure, more importantly, the company shall establish a countywide and effective risk management control system to make sure the effective implementation of the risk management strategy. The company can establish a Risk Management Committee in the head office and shall be directly responsible for the board of directors. The board needs to be consulted on matt ers of risk management and it needs to be able to give guidance to the risk management committee in its deliberations. To do this effectively the board needs to ensure the whole company is engaged in managing risk, thereby making it an intrinsic part of the company culture.(Corporate Governance An International Review, 2009, 546-558). The function of the Risk Management Committee is to implement the risk management, to be especially responsible for the risk supervision of the whole company and to make unified risk management policy and procedure each branch of the company shall establish an independent risk supervisor, responsible for the risk management and to report the matter of risk to Risk Management Committee without consent of the local manager.Establish a Database of Risk AccidentsDatabase of risk accidents is a tool to effectively predict and assess the risk. The data in the database shall include both internal and external data concerning risk accidents. We can try to est imate how bad this problem is by looking at the historical sourness of these events in relation to anyrisk factors that we define and then examining the prevalence of these risk factors(Michel, Dan and Robert, 2001). Through correct analysis of such data, the company will diddle a lesson and consider its risk management policy and procedure so as to judge whether the company will prevent the occurrence of the risk accident and how to take precautious measures to avoid the occurrence of similar accidents.ConclusionIn conclusion, risks exist in the whole process of business operation, any company shall attach great importance to the risk management to effectively predict and avoid the risk. Unilever is a company which has well recognized its major risks and taken effective risk management strategies. Research on risk and risk management strategy is a long journey and need all employees of the company to make effort and abide by the policy and standards to monitor and manage risks pr oactively.ReferencesBallou, B. & Heitger, D. L.2005. A building-block approach for implementation COSO Enterprise risk management-integrated framework. Management Accounting Quarterly, 6(2)1-10.Geert Bouckaert and John Halligan, 2008, Managing performance international comparisons. Routledge, 2008, pp221-225.Ian Brown, transport Steen, and Julie Foreman. 2009. Risk Management in Corporate Governance. A Review and Proposal Corporate Governance An International Review, 2009, 17(5)546-558.Jane Linder, Susan Cantrell, 2000, Changing Business Models Surveying the Landscape, Business publishing firm Accenture, Pages 1-15Michel C., Dan G. and Robert M., 2001, Risk Management, McGraw-Hill.Michael R. Czinkota, Ilkka A. Ronkainen, 2007, International marketing, Cengage Learning, 2007, p417-422.Mike Walker. 2006. Managing international risk. International Business Briefings. The Institute of Risk Management. 2006. P 5-6.Unilever Annual Report, 2009, Unilever Annual Report, fromhttp//annualre port09.unilever.com/downloads/Unilever_AR09.pdf (Accessed on May, 25, 2011)

Book Reporter of Swim the Fly Essay

Their plan failed because Matt almost got recognized by Kelly in the girls changing room. However, Kelly and her best(p) friends Valerie started to pay attention to Matt because his brave move of volunteering in the 100-m butterfly (or his appearance in the girls changing room? ). Ms. Luntz (their swimming couch) cat Matt, a poor guy who cant even manage a single lap, in the butterfly medley relay without even request Matt. Sean and Coop came up with an idea to pretend having a stomachache in order to avoid the embarrassment.Matts grandpa sent a kitty to Mrs. Hoogenboom in order to get her attention which turned out Mrs. Hoogenboom almost found out he is the one who tried to suffocate the cat. Relate T-S companionship I also have friends like Sean and Coop in my life that can not only have fun with but also persona sadness with. T-T connection Matt volunteered for the 100-m butterfly stroke championships so Ms. Luntz figured he wouldnt mind doing another butterfly medley relay.H owever, Matt couldnt even do one stroke and werent capable of swimming the fly. T-W connection I saw a movie called American Pie which described resembling situation in this book, a few guys fall in love with the hottest girls in their school and manage to date them out. Reflect There are of all time some friends in your life who always make fun of you yet you never get angry with them. It is normal in the western culture for an emeritus man to impress a widow who has just lost her husband? It is kind of unacceptable for me.This part of the book is the rising action because they hadnt achieved their mark yet. The narrator is 1st person which is Matt himself. How does Matts grandpas relationship with Mrs. Hoogenboom relate to the story? Why did the author even key out it? Always be prepared, so when the opportunity comes you volition be the one grabs it. ( If Matt can do butterfly stoke well enough, he will be able to join not only the medley relay but also the championships in order to impress the girl he likes. )

A Trip to the Grocery Store

As far back as I can remember, nonpareil of the activities that my bewilder and I enjoyed doing a lot together was going to the grocery on a weekly basis to stock up on our provender and household supplies.I remember that my return had certain brands in particular that she preferred over others. I in truth did not pay so much oversight as to why she chose certain brands. All I knew back then was that the stuff she got turned into food for me to enjoy eating. That was the part of my childhood when I could spue ab egress the grocery store, take one bag of potato chips, or a can of soda to enjoy during the drive home.But as I got older, my mother began to teach me how to grease ones palms things at the grocery store. She told me that You need to learn how to buy these things because you are old enough to go to the grocery store for me already if I need you to.To which I often replied, But Mom Only the names change. Bath soaps are all the same Then she would try to convince me th at finally I would setting up my have home and I would need to be making these decisions for myself so I needed to learn the rudiments now.While she could even so guide and advise me about it. Needless to say, no amount of explanations from my mother could convince me that I needed to be a discriminating buyer. At that age, I did not feel any need to learn about comparing products, getting the best buy, and spending within a food budget. Our cycle was really simple, I went with mom to the grocery store, I got the foodstuff that I liked or looked good and she took care of the rest.As I began my high school education, mom started to legislate me a bit more responsibility when it came to purchasing peaks at the grocery store. She always kept it simple for me because she knew how I would estimable grab the first item on the shelf that related to the item she had itemizationed down.So mom always listed down the item and the specific brand name she wanted me to get. Each clipping she turn over me the list she would tell me Do me a favor and read the label of the other brands available. There might be a better product out there.Being a teenager at the time, all I had in mind was to get the errand done and go on with whatever other activities I had in mind for myself. So I never really bothered to read about the other similar items in those aisles. Little did I pull that the time would come when I would need to know about all those items in the aisles and how they canvassd to each other in price, quantity, and quality. I kind of took it for granted that whatever mom had listed down was the one I should purchase.Then came time for me to spread my wings and move out of the house into an apartment of my own and keeping house for myself for the very(prenominal) first time. I would have to keep to a budget and decide upon grocery purchases by myself and for myself. Since I had no previous experience with going to a grocery store and buying my own stuff, I sudd enly felt overwhelmed and scared.The grocery store looked like a huge hangar to me and I was disjointed in a sea of products that all looked the same to me. But in the back of my mind I could still hear my mom telling me to pronounce the labels and choose the best product for my money.I was not confident I could do that without the security of my moms grocery list with me that contained a list of all the necessary items and brands. I was worried by tried to convince myself in whispers that I can do this. How hard can it be to buy my food and supplies?I felt a cold sweat come over me as I wheeled my cart into the main shopping area. 6 different types of fresh milk each carton looking better and saying something newer than the next. Rows upon rows of vegetables, the limitless canned foods, soap brands, fabric softeners how could anybody make that choice outright?I decided that I needed back up and whipped out my cellular phone. I dialed a number and waited for the familiar voice ov er the answering machine to split up. Mom Pick up the phone I hollered after the beep.I need your help It seemed like an eternity for my mom to pick up the phone. Whats the matter? her worried voice said. I told her my problem. I was stuck in the grocery store without her list and without a clue as to which items to buy. Could she beguile tell me what to get? I heard my mom sigh deeply before saying You are on your own now. It is time for you to make your own choices in life. You dont need my list. You just need to find out what things you like. I tried to explain to her that I was not sure what things I liked because she always had that list for me to refer to. I really needed it at that moment. Trust yourself. she told me. You will know which products you will be using regularly. It just takes a bit of time to develop the skill. Go with your instincts As we ended the conversation, I was not sure if I could trust myself to make that choice. After all, I considered pizza with a li ter of soda a healthy meal.It took me 4 hours to shop for groceries that day. Without my moms list, I was forced to do what I never had to do before, compare products, learn to choose the best brand, and be comfortable for any mistakes in choices that I may have do.But I realized that as I took the time to read the product labels and ponder upon my choices, I began feeling a sense of freedom and responsibility for myself. That phone call and trip to the grocery store made me realize that if I were to call myself an adult, I would now have to take charge of my life, make my own decisions, and learn to make wise choices. Nobody would be there to decide for me anymore.Guess what? I have slowly evolved from that unsure person terrified of all the product choices out there who tried to get her mother to make a grocery list for her into a wise, budget conscious shopper, and it makes me feel great

Style, Tone, & Mood in Landlady

STYLE, TONE, AND sense of humor IN LANDLADY Prose 1 Arief Febriyanto63708028 Moch Fajar Akbar63708014 Willi Adjie63706897 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT capability OF LETTERS INDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF COMPUTER 2011 STYLE, TONE, AND MOOD 1. STYLE path is the use of literary devices, t one, and mood in a particular way that makes authors writing recognizable. In another word, the manner of writing is the elbow room of author who writes it. The authors style fuel be recognized by the following components individualized word prime(prenominal) or vocabulary Types of disapprobations Point of spatial relation from which the text is told constitution of the text To dismember an author style, we need to consider the point of view, formal or informal writing, structure of text, level of complexity in the writing, and overall tone. By using these features in writing, different meaning of the content atomic number 18 shown to the audience. Categories of Style Formal Style The following are near characters of formal style Vocabulary high-level business- care Organization of text very structured perhaps with subtopics Audience usually 3rd-omnisicient point of view Sentences structure varies ( truthful sentence/compound sentence/complex sentence) Informal Style The following are some characters of informal style Vocabulary low-level perhaps slang dialogue style Organization of text more so narrative or note- same(p) Audience usually personal (more first or third-limited point of view) Sentences mostly candid or compound sentences Organization of Text Writing is organized in various ways, depending upon the authors purpose to inform, to entertain, to express a belief or opinion, and to persuade.Text usually falls within one of these types of organizational patterns Cause Effect Problem Solution Chronological (sequencing the order of events) Compare/Contrast inductive (specific to general) Deductive (general to specific) Division into categories Rankin g 2. TONE intuitive purport is the authors attitude toward the writing (his characters, the situation) and the readers. A work of writing can have more than one tone. An example of tone could be both(prenominal) serious and humorous. Tone is set by the setting, choice of vocabulary and other details.Identifying the tone is all about knowing the definitions of many descriptive vocabulary words. In literature an author sets the tone through words. The viable tones are as boundless as the number of possible emotions a human being can have. Has anyone ever said to you, Dont use that tone of voice with me? Your tone can change the meaning of what you say. Tone can turn a statement like, Youre a big help into a genuine praise or a cruel sarcastic remark. It depends on the context of the story. 3. MOOD Mood is the general zephyr created by the authors words.It is the feeling the reader gets from reading those words. It may be the same, or it may change from situation to situation . Mood is the emotions that you (the reader) feel while you are reading. Some literature makes you feel sad, others joyful, even so others, angry. The main purpose for some poems is to set a mood. Writers use many devices to create mood, including images, dialogue, setting, and plot. Often a writer creates a mood at the beginning of the story and continues it to the end. However, sometimes the mood changes because of the plot or changes in characters.Examples of moods include suspenseful, joyful, depressing, excited, anxious, angry, sad, tense, lonely, suspicious, frightened, disgusted, etc. STYLE, TONE, AND MOOD OF LANDLADY 1. STYLE OF LANDLADY Informal style is applied in the all of a sudden story Landlady. The style can be recognized by these components below Personal word choice or vocabulary The short story Landlady uses low level vocabulary many dialogues. Example .. he got to Bath.. , But the air was deadly cold, and Well, you see. Types of sentencesTypes of sentences em ploy in Landlady mostly are simple and compound sentences Example Billy was seventeen years old. He was wearing a new navy blue blue overcoat, a new brown trilby hat, and a new brown suit, and he was feeling fine. Point of view The short story Landlady uses third person limited point of view. This use is to inter the intention of the landlady character which is to kill Billy Weaver character. For comparison, if the author uses the first person point of view so that the intention will reveal since the beginning of the story. Organization of the text Narrative style is used in the short story Landlady. 2. TONE OF LANDLADY Some tones that are in the short story Landlady are as the following ? nine oclock in the evening and the moon was coming up out of a clear starry sky. But the air was deadly cold and the wind was like a planar blade of ice on his cheeks. shows a sinister tone. ? even in the darkness, he could see that the headstone was peeling from the woodwork on their doors and windows, and that the handsome white facades were cracked and blotchy from neglect. shows a scary tone. He had never stayed in any boarding houses, and, to be perfectly honest, he was a tiny scrap frightened of them. shows a fear tone. ? BED AND BREAKFAST, it said. BED AND BREAKFAST, BED AND BREAKFAST, BED AND BREAKFAST. Each word was like a large black eye staring at him through the glass, holding him compelling him. shows a queer or weird tone. ? she gave him a warm welcoming smile. shows a gracious tone. ? She seemed terribly nice. She looked just like the mother of ones best school-friend welcoming one into the house to stay for the Christmas holidays. shows a gracious tone. 3. MOOD OF LANDLADY There are two moods created in the short story Landlady suspicious and surprising. Here are some parts of the story that control us to feel suspicious I was wondering about a room. Its all ready for you, my dear, she said. I shouldve thought youd be simply swamped with applic ants, he said politely. Oh, I am, my dear, I am, of course I am. But the trouble is that Im inclined to be just a teeny wee bit choosy and particular if you see what I mean. But Im always ready.Every subject is always ready day and night in this house just on the off? gamble that an seizeable young gentleman will come along. And it is such a pleasure, my dear, such a very great pleasure when now and again I open the door and I see somebody standing there who is just exactly right. She was half? way up the stairs, and she paused with one hand on the stair? rail, turning her head and smiling down at him with pale lips. Like you, she added, and her blue eye travelled slowly all the way down the length of Billys body, to his feet, and then up again. Well, you see ? oth of these names, Mulholland and Temple, I not only seem to remember each one of them separately, so to speak, but somehow or other, in some peculiar way, they both appear to be sort of connected together as well. As though they were both famous for the same sort of thing, if you see what I mean ? like . . . well . . . like Dempsey and Tunney, for example, or Churchill and Roosevelt. How amusing, she said. Now and again, he caught a whiff of a peculiar nip that seemed to emanate directly from her person. It was not in the least unpleasant, and it reminded him ? ell, he wasnt quite sure what it reminded him of. Pickled walnuts? tonic leather? Or was it the corridors of a hospital? Here are some parts of the story that lead us to feel surprising But my dear boy, he never left. Hes still here. Mr Temple is also here. Theyre on the third floor, both of them together. Excuse my asking, but havent there been any other guests here accept them in the last two or three years? No, my dear, she said. Only you. TONE the way feelings are expressed MOOD (sometimes called atmosphere) the overall feeling of the work

Cash Basis vs. Accrual Basis Accounting Essay

Accrual report doesnt just focus on bullion flows, instead, it alike reflects other resources that are provided and consumed by assembly line operations during a percentage point. This method measures resources provided by business operations by tax. The measure of resources used to earn revenues is expenses. The difference between revenues and expenses is net income/loss. Accrual instauration net income provides a better measure of performance because it attempts to measure the resource inflows and runs generated by operations during the reportage period, which may not provide the same amount of bills inflows and outflows.Accruals involve operations where the cash outflow or inflow takes place in a period after the expense or revenue recognition. Selling on credit and projects that provide revenue streams over a long period of magazine affect the companys financial condition at the point of the transaction. Therefore, it makes sense that such events should also be reflect ed on the financial statements during the same reporting period that these transactions occur. (Investopedia, 2013). While cash basis is the difference between cash receipts and cash disbursements from providing goods and services.For cash basis accounting, a transaction happens only when money is exchanged. Revenues are describe on the income statement when cash is received from the customers. Expenses are reported on the income statement when cash is paid out. This is one of the problems with cash basis accounting because adjusting entries help get wind that all revenues earned in a period are recognized in that same period, regardless of when cash is received. (Averkamp, 2004). For accrual basis accounting, revenues are recorded on the income statement when they are earned, which more than often than not occurs before cash is received.Expenses are recorded on the income statement in the period when they occur/expire which is often in a different period from when the payment i s made. This method of accounting provides a better picture of the companys profits during an accounting period because the income statement testament report all of the revenues actually earned during the period and all of the expenses incurred in order to earn the revenues. This method also helps because it reports all the assets that were earned are reported and all the liabilities that were incurred are reported. (Averkamp, 2004).

Ping Sweeps and Port Scans Essay

This re user interface is to provide insight on nefarious estimator activities called rap sweeps and carriage sees as a request from management. I will identify them, explain what they argon use for, how they argon used and how to stop them from attacking a network. Finally I will talk over how they can be eliminated as security risk. The information in this report is designed to increase the discretion and knowledge of these two activities so that this companys IT department will be in a better position to recognize them and block potential attacks from their use. According to S. Branch (2012), in his article What is a Ping Sweep he says A ping sweep, also called an Internet Control Message protocol (ICMP) sweep, is a diagnostic technique used in computing to see what range of (IP) addresses are in use by live host, which are usually computers. Ping sweeps are non unusual, they are ofttimes used by administrators in diagnosing network issues however, hackers also use ping swe eps to demote spry computers so they will know where to concentrate their attacks. This can become a serious security scandalise for an unprepared network.Hackers send not one ping but many a(prenominal) packets at the same time. This tends to shadowy down a network. When the hackers ping sweep finds an active computer it can send request for hidden information. There is no reason to be alarmed by ping sweeps because the solution for stopping them is very(prenominal) simple. The system administrator only need to disable ICMP packets and if the system administrator wants to do a ping sweep, just enable the ICMP packets temporarily. According to S. Branch (2012), ping sweeps are older and slower technology, and are not in use as much as in the past. A port scan attack is a popular reconnaissance technique that attackers use to discover services they can detect into according to Yahoo Answers (2007), Author unknown. Yahoo Answers states that All machines connected to a network run many services that use TCP or UDP ports and there are more than 6000 defined ports available. Normally port scan does not make direct damage just by port scanning. Potentially a port scan helps the attacker find which ports are available to launch various attacks.A port scan sends a messageto each port one at a time. The response stock back indicates whether the port is being used and if so, the port will be probed for weakness. TCP ports are the nearly attacked ports because they are connected oriented and give good feedback to the attacker. The most frequent port scan attacks to view for are Stealth Scan, which is design to be undetected by auditing tools, SOCKS, which allows multiple machines to share a frequent internet connection, easy access when not configured correctly. Bounce Scans, are systems that they can bounce their attacks through. These systems are FTP server, Email server, HTTP Proxy, Finger and others. These all have vulnerabilities to do bounce scans. They also use UDP ports to find open ports, but it is not often used because it is easily blocked. style Scan attacks can be reduced or completely solved by deploying Firewalls at critical locations of a network to distort unwanted traffic. There is also Port Scan Attack Detectors (PSAD) on the market for free use. In the fast developing world of computer technologies there will always be hackers and other types aspect for ways to still. In the earlier days of computer technology they were not much of a problem if any. Today programmers and system builders program and build their goods with hackers and others in mind. Many security features are built in and other features are discussed and put in place at the beginning of the project. Nothing is foolproof, but if there is a way for them to get in, there is a way to keep them out.ReferencesAuthor unknown. (2007). What is a Port Scan Attack? Yahoo Answers http//answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061105020422AAtre1p Branch S. (2012 ). What is a Ping Sweep? 2003-2013 say Corporation http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-ping-sweep.htm

Bachelor of Science nurses (BSN) vs Associate degree nurses (ADN) Essay

More and more workplaces are requiring their employees to view a baccalaureate degree. Is there really a difference in the level of care a long-suffering will receive from nurse with an a burst _or_ abettors degree of Nursing versus a Bachelor of Science degree in breast feeding? match to many studies and research they say there is a difference between the two. In the baccalaureate nursing practice incorporates the roles of assessing, critical thinking, communicating, providing care, teaching, and leading. The caring professional approach includes the values of autonomy, altruism, human dignity integrity, and social justness with unconditional regard for all people (Grand Canyon Philosophy, 2011).Currently, data suggests that approximately 50% of the nursing rung on a given unit are Bachelor of Science nurses (BSNs). The other 50% of the provide may be composed of associate degree nurses (ADNs) with less academic training with more or less professional experience in caring fo r complex or critical uncomplainings in right aways environment (Sexton, 2008). BSNs are a interrupt-rounded individual. BSN programs include more science based classes and liberal arts, whereas the ADN programs run through a basic science background and more focused on the skills and clinical portion of nursing. umteen nurse leaders recommend BSN training for entry into practice because studies indicate wear out patient outcomes, break up nurse satis occurrenceion, and greater longevity in the workplace for BSNs as compared with their colleagues with less academic training (differentiating workplace). at that place boast been studies completed that compare the mortality rate of patients that were taken care of by nurses with their ADN versus BSN. According to the fact sheet Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce they found that a 10-point gain in the percentage of nurses holding a BSN within a hospital was associated with an average reduction of 2.12 deaths for every(prenominal) 1,000 patients and for a subset of patients with complications, an average reduction of 7.47 deaths per 1,000 patients (Creating a More Highly Qualified Workforce, 2103).All nurses sit for the afore verbalize(prenominal) N-CLEX-RN licensing examination. New nurses pass the licensing exam at the same rate does not mean all nurses are prepared equally for practice (Creating a More Highly Qualified Workforce,2103). The N-CLEX exam just tests for the nominal knowledge one needs to become a registered nurse. ADNs and BSNs have the same skill level tho BSNs I believe have better critical thinking skills, which in turn cause them to be better at problem solving in a patient care situation.At my menstruum job I was trying to think of some situations where it would be better to have my BSN and where it would improve patient care. I work for an ophthalmologist at an eye operating room center. Our patient population can couch from kids to the elderly. We take care of t he elderly more so than any other age range. We do surgery once a week, mostly cataract surgery. Other procedures are performed but not as frequently as the cataracts. I work as a pre-op nurse mostly but occasionally will do post-op or work in the operating room. On the days Im not running(a) in surgery I work in creating quality improvement studies, benchmarking, infection control, and do things with assay management.I have been doing this job for two and half years now. Prior to this job I was a floor nurse that worked in rehab with patients that had just got out of the hospital that werent quite ready to go home. My friend told me that she knew a job opening that she thought would be good for me, which is the job I have now. This job was something I had never done or knew nothing close to. It was a job that I said I would never want to do. I always wanted to be a nurse because of the patient care aspect and helping patients when they were at their worst helping them to get bet ter.If I had my BSN this would make me better at my job. I have to put together quality improvement studies. I was never been taught anything about quality improvement while in school for my ADN. I have had to learn as I go. Another thing I have to do is write up incident reports. From those incident reports I have to look for trends. If there are trends I have to write up a broadcast or start a study to keep other patients from experiencing the same situations that put them at risk, which promotes better patient care. If I had my BSN I would have learned about all this and would be able to better care for the patients. Right now I dont understand why I have to do all that I do and how it makes me take better care of the patients. Having my BSN would allowme to understand this and let me know why we do this.There are many advantages in having a BSN versus an ADN. It makes sense why most workplaces are requiring a bachelors degree now a days. It makes the nursing working(a) in the f ield better-rounded and better able to take care of their patients in all aspects.ReferencesCarroll, C. A., Cox, K. S., Hunt, C. E., Sexton, K. A., & Teasley, S. L. (2008). Differentiating the Workplace needs of Nurses by Academic Preperation and Years in Nursing. Jouranl of Professional Nursing, 28, 105-108. Doi10.1016/j.profnurs..2007.06.021 Fact Sheet Creating a M Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/NursingWorkforce.pdf Grand Canyon University College of Nursing Philosophy. (2011). Retrieved from https//lc-ugrad1.gcu.edu/learningPlatform/content/content.html?operation=viewContent&contentId=68ec9ae6-1809-49f7-886b-a80e82621fcf

Michael Levin’s the Case for Torture (Review)

Michael Levins The Case for Torture argues that there be miscellaneous reasons for allowing throe to exist in the United States of America. Levin would love to detect society change its negative views on torture so that, under certain circumstances, torture would be permissible. The member starts off with a really brief description of how he believes society views the subject of torture as a negative thing. He leads on to oppose that way of thinking and provides three cases in which he believes torture must be administered with various reasons attempting to support his thoughts.The hypothetic cases Levin procedures range from very extreme situations, to a situation where we may some sequences see on the news. Levin makes it clear to the hearing that he does non agree with torture as a punishment and focuses on exactly what it should be used for. He withal stresses that there is an important spillage away between terrorists and victims and he believes it would stop the tal k of terrorist rights. Levin also writes on his belief that most terrorist do their crimes for promotional material and because of that, the terrorist shall be fairly easy to identify and later be torture.He closes the article by verbalism torture would cause little danger to western democracies and predicting what he believes will happen in the future. after umpteen through showings of Michael Levins article, I line up the attitude he carries along thorough the article presents him as an aggressively self assured person. Most of the reasoning he hands is heavily based on pathetic appeals. The force of pathos he puts into the reader is very compelling but does not fulfill the argument as well as it should because of the lack of good logic and reasoning. Levin uses three main points to win over readers why torture should be used.The first major point includes three hypothetical cases as fine-looking reason to why its important. His second point explains the reason for the n eed of torture. Finally he states who gets to welcome the twisting and in short describes what the outcome may be. Levins biggest point is generated from the three hypothetical cases he provides the reader with. In my opinion, they are clearly work more as an emotional example and not a estimable reason. The 1st case is one in which an atomic break is planted on Manhattan Island and will cocker at noon. The suspect demands notes and release of his friends from jail.He is caught at 10 A. M. and the man wont disclose either info on the break down. What do you do (201)? The 2nd case speaks of a bomb on a jumbo jet. The suspects demands flush toiletnot be met. Wont we do anything to the extortionist to the save the passengers (201)? The third hypothetical case is provided with results from a four person poll. The case is one in which a immature baby is kidnapped from a hospital. Would you allow the distortion of the kidnapper in order to get him back? I looking that all th ree hypothetical situations have something about them that do not make me find convinced.The first situation in which the bomb is planted Manhattan Island bets withal unrealistic due to reasons that you dont always pick up of this kind of stuff on the news and also that the bomber is captured. Even if a person demands money and release of his friends from jail, Levin does not explain how somebody would go about decision this person wherever he is hiding? Levin also has a very weak spot in explaining the situation because when he speaks of the bomber, he says Preferring death to disaster Wont disclose where the bomb is. (201).Saying to readers he prefers death to failure would logically mean that, even if tortured, the man is still not going to disclose the information because he would rather die than failing his mission in receiving his needs. The second situations weakness comes from a lack of critical information and once again the rareness of the situation. The situation in volves a Jumbo Jet in which a bomb has been planted which can be defused ONLY by the bomber which is in police custody. Levin says Surely we can, we must, do anything to the extortionist to save the passengers (201).Once again, what exactly is torture going to do in this situation if the bomb is in the air on the plane? How exactly is the bomb going to be defused? I feel that this situation could have made much better of an argument if he would have taken the time to clear up exactly how the bomb was going to get defused. Later in the paragraph Levin adds in, If you caught the terrorist, could you balance nights knowing that millions died because you couldnt tot up yourself to apply the electrodes? (201). It is clearly an emotionally loaded sentence.He purposely italicizes the word you because he wants you to sink into that thought and make you feel really bad about the situation. The third hypothetical case, which I consider weakest, is explained with results of an informal poll based on the situation. In the poll, four mothers are asked if they would approve the torturesome of the kidnapper that kidnaps their child if that were necessary to get them back. All four mothers said they would approve of it. I feel this argument does not give a great example of what makes torture acceptable.It is more of an example to image what someone would do for their loved ones. Its weakness is clearly seen in the number of participants in the poll that he is using and in the biased opinion they most likely already had. The best part of Levins reasoning is expressed when he speaks of why exactly he believes torture should be accepted and not viewed upon as something horrible. In the article, Levin says I am advocating torture as an acceptable measure for preventing future evils. (201). He does a good job of making it clear exactly what he means.In doing so, he briefly explains an argument he believes spate against the death penalty use. The argument is that by killing th e murderer, you are not bringing back the victim that was killed. Levin explains that instead of killing after a murder has occurred, he advocates that torturing someone stops the guiltless from being dispatched. Levin makes it clear that torture should ONLY be used for the rescue of lives. This leads to what he believes is the most powerful argument against torture. People would insist that such practices disregard the rights of the individual.Levin first counter-argument is presented when he says Well, if the individual is all that important, and he is, it is correspondingly important to protect the rights of individuals threatened by terrorist. (201). It come outed like a very sound argument to me because of the way he used anti-torture line to support his pro-torture argument. Levin later says unalike his victims, he (the terrorist) volunteered the risks of his deed. By threatening to kill for profit or idealism, he renounces civilized standards, and he can have no complaint if civilization tries to thwart him by whatever means necessary. (202). He thinks if a person decides to oppose civilized standards, he should not expect to be treated with the same rights as the people who do follow civilized standards. Although it sounds reasonable, he does make an assumption here. Levin assumes that the suspect KNOWS they are going against civilized standards. Does this mean that a sociopath that cannot distinguish between civilized standards would not be tortured? I feel a bit more of clarification could help this argument. Levin addresses the issue of torturing the persecute person.He starts off by making an assumption terrorist proclaim themselves and perform for television and public recognition. Levin says later on all, you cant very well intimidate a government into releasing your freedom fighters unless you proclaim that it is your group that has seized its embassy. (202). It is just another hypothetical situation to bend things his way without providin g documented evidence of a real life situation where the terrorist rattling identified themselves. It is as though in his eyes, he thinks finding the right perpetrator is a very simple task.Finally, in the last paragraph he says at that place will be little danger that the western democracies will lose their way if they choose to see pain as a way of preserving order. I noticed that his claim seems a bit change in the last paragraph. Levin starts the article intercommunicate of torture ONLY for the saving of innocent lives, but now, he speaks of torture for preserving order. Does this broaden up the whole claim? He also predicts that someday soon many lives will be threatened and torture will be the hardly way to save them.This foresight is supported by no evidence what so ever and is clearly only to provide idolise to the person reading it. The discussion of key terms was decent in this article. When he speaks of torture the ambient description I found that define torture to Levin is Subjecting someone to the most excruciating pain. This may seem like a great description of what we see as torture but the example of torture he mentions is having the electrodes applied. I really wasnt sure what he was referring to until I looked it up online and read that electrodes are what kill you in the electric chair.I believe he did not provide any better example of this because it can very well make a reader oppose of the torturing right away if he speaks of a more gruesome example. Levin also uses the word moral cowardice to describe allowing the death of millions of innocent lives. He does a good job by explaining that it means the involuntariness of dirtying ones hands. Regarding tone and ethos, the author starts off taking a big risk by introducing the composition of torture as something societies reject outright, then saying he opposes the beliefs of society on that topic. Not only does he just oppose it, he says it is unwise.I think by doing that, he ma y give the reader a sense that he thinks only his beliefs are wise and that he does not compliance any other ideas. Throughout the article, Levin continues to carry the attitude of a know it all. Levin says Opponents of the death penalty, for example are forever insisting that executing a murderer will not bring back his victim. (201). In case you didnt notice, he says forever insisting. This presents an assumption in a way to make it seem like fact that death penalty opponents ALWAYS insist executing will not bring back his victim.Not only does his statement risk offending the death penalty opponents, it can also continue to promote his know it all attitude which can surely annoy other people too. Another occasion of his overly aggressive attitude is when he says Once you concede that torture is warrant in extreme cases, you have countenanceted that the decision to use torture is a matter of balancing innocent lives against the means needed to save them. (201). Whether or not i t makes sense, he is clearly making an assumption that we admit to something by agreeing on another thing. The way he worded that may seem a bit too aggressive for a general audience.On the other hand, some people can also see that attitude as a good thing because they feel the person they are listening to actually knows what they are talking about. Even though he carries the cocky attitude through most of the article, when it comes to speaking of his hypothetical cases he tries to change his tone to more of an emotional one that is more likely to simulate the reader. This however is a good thing, because it can make the reader a bit more vulnerable to falling into his emotional example. Ultimately then The Case for Torture is very mixed in effectiveness. The hypothetical cases sound a bit too rare and unlikely to appen but it can cause the audience to think it out. Only minor elements of his reasoning are sound and effective. But his reasoning needs a bit more of support from some other place and his hypothetical situations can certainly use some actually documentation of the occurrences he speaks of. I do not believe this essay does the entirety job in changing peoples minds from anti-torture to pro-torture. But I do think that the people who were already anti-torture surely hate this guy a bit more especially because of the attitude. I think this essay leaves a large amount of places for it to be attacked by a person who does not believe in torture.