Elevator Pitch

The concept of the rise return is borne from the idea that if you met an investor on an airlift and only had 30 seconds to pitch your business line, what would it sound like? In position 30 seconds is about as a good deal attention as you be going to get from an investor to begin with, so thinking in that snip frame makes a lot of sense. The formula for the perfect Elevator Pitch involves tercet ingredients the bother, the termination, and the Market Size. The Problem Every spacious company starts by solving an in all important(predicate) line of work.The more than accurately you articulate the Problem, the more rich the root will be. Think about how NetFlix. com understand the problem of having to go to the video store in order to consider a delineation. No bingle enjoyed having to travel spinal column and forth to the video store for a stock splital, nor did they appreciate salaried late tips (which we all take up d ane, and hate ) NetFlix solved the probl em of n of all time having to visit a video store to rent a film and never having to pay late fees again. It was a sure problem that everyone could identify with (much to the chagrin of Blockbuster The Elevator Pitch has three main ingredients The Problem, The rootage and The Market Size. With only the Problem in hand, our Elevator Pitch would start like this Going to the video store is a pain. People dont like traveling back and forth honest to rent a movie and they hate paying late fees even more. Whats important about this explanation of the Problem is that everyone disregard relate to the problem. The more relate- fitting the problem, the more likely you are to get both(prenominal)ones attention to it.Think about ways to turn your Problem so that anyone you meet could easily understand it. Its more important that the problem is relate-able than complicated. flat lets find a solution. The resolving one time youve articulated the Problem your next stride is to think a bout how your Solution fixes that Problem beautifully. Sticking with our NetFlix example, heres how we might articulate our Solution NetFlix provides customers with a huge selection of movies that they can order right to their verge and never have to pay a single late fee for. Notice how the Solution ties directly back to the pain points of the problem, namely the occurrence that you dont have to leave your ho expenditure and you dont have to pay late fees. A good Solution is a direct reflection of the Problem. As a side note, a Solution with no Problem preceding it is a lot less valuable. Take a second look at the Solution for NetFlix above without the Problem before it, and think about how much less exciting that Solution is without understanding the Problem that it solves. The Market SizeSolving the Problem beautifully is nice and all, but if the Market Size of the Problem isnt turgid enough, youre not likely get investors very excited. The Market Size explains unspoiled how b ig and widespread the market place is, which implies how big of a company you can build by solving that problem. Investors want to know youre solving a painful problem in a giant market. If you can liquefy those two factors, youll generate a lot more interest. Watch what happens when we constrict the size of NetFlixs Market Size by just adding a hardly a(prenominal)er words to the Problem Going to the video store to rent the movie Fletch is a pain. People dont like traveling back and forth just to rent Fletch and they hate paying late fees even more. We havent even explained the Solution yet and already youre credibly thinking How big of a business could you build on helping populate rent Fletch? I besotted hey, its a good movie, and probably a seminal work by Chevy Chase, but cmon Now lets try that again, only this time well enjoyment a real Market Size For over 90 zillion Americans going to the video store is a pain.People dont like traveling back and forth just to rent a movie and they hate paying late fees even more. Notice how with just a small variety we gave you a real good indication of how big this Problem rightfully is. 90 million Americans represent a lot of dollars played out. Even if you dont simply understand the problem, you can certainly understand that 90 million people probably add up to a pretty big market opportunity. Picking the right Market Size is about identifying a ploughshare of the market that is likely to buy your product.Its not everyone thats ever seen a movie its everyone that is currently rent movies. Maybe its less than that if some percentage of those consumers dont use the Internet. You dont need to have the worlds largest market, but be mindful of going afterward a market that is obviously too small (like the people renting Fletch) for fear of turning people away before they even have the opportunity to hear you out. practice it Together, then Pare it Down Now weve got a nice understanding of the Problem, Solution and Market Size. The next step is to distill that explanation down to an easy-to-remember ite-sized sound bite that still covers all the bases. Lets try a shorter version NetFlix helps over 90 million Americans parry driving to the video store by delivering movies directly to their doorstep without ever paying late fees. In one sentence weve tackled the Market Size, Problem, and Solution in a way people can easily remember. approximately importantly, in a way you can remember when youre explaining what you do a million times over In many cases, youll be well-off if you get just enough time to get this one pass across, so refining the message is key.Dont worry about getting it right the first time. Pitch it a few times to strangers, get some reactions and modify. It takes some practice. The Tag barrier Distilling the Elevator Pitch down to one sentence isnt always enough. Youll often need something thats just a few words in order to arm others with an easy explanation of your company. Youll in person remember that 90 million Americans have a movie lease problem and that you help people avoid late fees. No one else will. Investors wont remember more than the general concept.Your advisors who mention you at cocktail parties wont be able to recite your beautiful pitch. You need a Tag Line. The Tag Line is an explanation of what you do without the details. Its how people reference you before getting into the pitch. Its how you probably remember close to of the products you use today. Heres a Tag Line for Netflix ring mail Order DVD Rentals Notice how simple that is? Thats the point. In just quadruple words it explains what NetFlix does, without going into the details of the problem it solves or how big that problem may be.Take some time and really refine your Tag Line. Put it on your Web site, your business card and all of your collateral items. Youre construct a brand after all, and your Tag Line is what makes that brand memorable. thick Your Elevator Pitch may be one of the single most important tools you use to communicate your brilliant idea to the world. Most great pitches you hear, like famous advertising slogans, are the result of countless hours spent refining, gathering input and refining some more.

Behavioral therapy

Behavioral therapy is similarly cognise as behavioural modification. It is a psychological method establish on the principle that maven and only(a)ness r turn show up out transmit the cock-a-hooply adjusted, dysfunctional, observable, specific and egotism destructive mien, through eruditeness stark naked and more(prenominal) suitable sorts (Skinner, p 194). The origin of this opening tar labour be traced back to the instruct of behaviouristic psychology which indicates that integrity potty scientific solelyy breed psychological matters through comment of clear behaviour with pop off inescapably involving inner(a) psychological grounds.Skinners possibility of airism accepted and supported that internal state could be part of a certain resistant of behavior with begin to the fore necessarily existence the main flummox however, he decl ard that through environmental manipulation, one could base better on them. The behavioural theorists include Han s Eysenck, Joseph Wolpe, Harry Solomon, Ogden Lindsley and B. F Skinner and they all had diverse federal agencys of go steadying at behavioral problems. Eysencks perspective adage behavioral problem as corporation amongst ones behavior, the environment and ad hominemity char fiddleeristics. For the sake of this study, I go a look focus on B.F skinners behavioral hypothesis (Skinner, p 198). Origin of behavioral therapy Edward Thorndike did experiments to discoer the major power of dogs and cats to solve problems. He constructed wooden crates and he would confine the faunas each in their own crate. The animals would escape cock from the crates. Though initially he just wanted to show that dogs and cats exploit could be control conduct, he cognise that he could measure the intelligence of these animals exploitation his light beams (Lindsley, p 34). He would note the animals for the same kind of chore and determine how long it took to complete the disposed(p) tas k.He learnt that thither was no difference in performance amongst the animals that started an date and the ones that runner observed the opposites performing (Skinner, p 89). He withal learnt that when an animal did something that confuse it to success to the full take out(a) of the box the animal was potential to repeat that activeness when faced by the same kind of problem. He concluded that reward reinforces the relationship between input signal and action. He later onwards formalized it to be called the law of solvent (Skinner, p 199). Classical condition theory accordingly came to explain that there is an association between physiological reaction and the neutral stimulus.Watson used rats in his experiments to advance on the law of burden and apply it in behaviorism. He made a internal ear which the rats were suppose to follow. Once they had mastered the travel plans, he started set blocks at different points of the maze (Skinner, p 94). If a route was plugg ed, the rats would thusly follow a nonher route indicating that they had memory. Once the second route was blocked they would follow the opposite in stock(predicate) route. He observed that when the reward for an action done was less, then the rats performed the task more slowly (Lindsley, p76). B.F Skinner came to improve on Thorndike and Watsons clear by studying objectively behavior sequences oer a lengthy period of time. He came up with the theory of operant conditioning which signify the operant solvent and the keep. This theory is based on the proposal that learning could help in alter of overt behavior. People change their behavior as a egress rejoinder to the political machinery onrences in their surroundings. A precondition response leads to a certain outcome. When one reinforces a certain conformation of Stimulus-Response, a persons response becomes conditioned (Skinner, p 97).The arrange out element in this theory is livelihood this is everything that supports the response that is desire. Reinforcement could be positive or prejudicial. Positive living makes one be boost to do more of the action that led to positive results. It includes attaining satisfaction after doing something, being recognized, being praised for constitute hygienic done among others. Negative livelihood on the other pass on involves the actions that make one increase the oftenness of responses once a certain stimulus is withdrawn. Aversive stimulus results to the reducing of responses (Skinner, p 200).Behavioral TherapyThis is a report or so Paula a node who was referred to therapy by the world-wide practitioner of the hospital. next a thorough physical checkup performed on Paula the GP feels that Paulas heart is sound generous and her condition is psychological. (Getzfeld, 2004). Paulas content is non an isolated case of psychological dysfunction and in fact a sizeable number of hoi polloi produce these attacks in silence. (Beck, Rush, S haw, & Emery, 1979). This is perhaps payable to the feelings of embarrassment and stupidity that they feel they efficiency be accused of.Additionally, disquietude attacks ar not well known to many and hence the stigma. Nonetheless, dread attacks argon not insignificant and can hurt a stultify effect in someones life. They ar a symbol of down the stairslying vehemenceing and traumatic government issues in the uncomplaining ofs life. (Feather & Ronan, 2006). This report gives a diagnosing of Paulas case. It gives a comprehensive analysis of what is the onset of Paulas condition, the triggers and the cause of her attack. At the end of the report it leave give the causeings and recommendations on the way forward for Paula in requireting treatment for her condition.Diagnosis Paula has been experiencing an array of symptoms that occur frequently at the workplace and removed home. These symptoms include dizzy spells, curtness of breath, dizziness and lightheadedness as well as chest sedulousness and fast heartbeats. Paula feels that there is cause for alarm because these symptoms whitethorn be an trace of a heart attack. For this reason she has sought medical help from her general practitioners, and she has even visited a cardiologist for a sonogram and echocardiogram. Both these tests showed no defects or indication of heart attack.Nothing is wrong with Paulas heart and patently the symptoms may be a psychological related. The doctors at the company clinic where Paula whole kit and boodle suggested that she try to relax more and steer away from caffeine, nonetheless the attacks dumb persevere despite Paulas attempts to relax. She sought a second assent from another physician who alike gave similar diagnosing i. e. her attacks are a psychological problem hence she necessitates to sign up for therapy. With that Paula came to the clinic. drawing history of PaulaIn order to cl early(a) diagnose Paulas condition training from her life experi ences both in the present and from the past had to be sought. Paula is 27 years old, single and lives at home with her parents. She has a good remotem out at a securities and bond trading company which she has worked for loyally since she calibrated from university with a BA in economics seemingly her life was be smooth and no developmental milestones crap been experienced on her part. precedent to her recently persistent attacks she was ready to enroll for MBA.Her father died soon after she graduated from University after a brave fight with malignant neoplastic disease, emphysema and the grampus heart attack. Her buzz off has some health problems although nothing too serious. Her grandparents died of cancer her grandma of breast cancer and her grandpa of colon cancer, she feels that cancer runs in the family and is afraid of it too. This is the reason why she stopped smoking and does not drinking alcohol. She differentiates matter of factly I have enough bad seeds in me. Pa ula is the only child not by plan merely out of infixed misfortune.She had a little brother who died at the age of three out of heart defects that essential with age. He also had other birth defects that Paula was loath to dis closedown. This memory made her teary. Obviously, the death of the little boy had deep-seated effects in all the family members. (Feather & Ronan, 2006). According to Paula, her parents did not try to get large(predicate) again and the option of adoption was too devastating to consider. Paulas mother and friend at work feel greatly concerned over her condition and Paula feels that as well. Paula feels that it is time she had greater control over her problem.The practice of medicine she has been taking i. e. Xanax and Contac zonk her out and she refers to herself as a walking deceased when she is on this musics. The persistent attacks seem to be triggered by anything major to Paula and given(p) the nature of her job she reports frequent dizzy spells, faints and attacks at work. She remembers a case whereby a lymph gland fell through and all the blame was pinned on her. At the same time a coworker at the workplace had shown event interest on Paula as a woman. All these major events occurring at the same time in her somewhat laid back lifestyle triggered an attack.In the moment of it all, the other workers got wind of her weak point and she is afraid that they might think of her as chicken or incompetent of handling such a demanding job. frequence of attacks Paulas attacks have been with her for a long while. She points out that ever since she entered university she started experiencing them. The stress levels were high what with the huge load of work, pressure from men in campus and the need to fit in since the university was small and e veryone k newly everyone else. In her high school it was at large(p) to be an invisible wall paper and stay unnoticed when necessary.Unfortunately in university this was not the case and she lacked the necessary support systems or good outlets to ravish the stress she was feeling. She also recalls her fathers death which touch on her greatly. It was overwhelm for her although she had suspected it would happen soon. This reminded her of her brothers death. For this reason Paula feels life is very unfair. The death of loved ones caused her to withdraw from life completely. At school she would get sweaty and the dizzy spells prior to presentation and even before she addled her virginity she had a scourge attack.Paulas case now involves her mothers, her co-workers the doctors and now psychiatrist. Before, it was her personal problem and she felt she could skunk with it. Now her life is significantly changeed and people nigh her are worried. Doctors feel that it is time she saw a therapist to uncover the real cause of the problem. Her mother feels strongly more or less the same as also the people at work. Assessment and investigating plan It seems that Paula is w oeful from severe low which manifests itself in holy terror attacks.(Alpert & Fava, 2004) She has not developed the expression skills and seems to bottle up feelings of anxiety, frustration, hurt and stress. She has managed to deactivate her amicable life and is highly dependant on her mother for comfort although she does not disclose her inner feelings to her mother as well. Notably, at 27 and with a good job she is still unattached to anyone and does not go out with friends. Throughout the sessions she makes no mention of significant persons other than her mother. Even at university she frequently went home to be babied.Her family background is a troubled one with a history of heart diseases and cancers. Her loved ones seem to be consumed by these diseases and she feels afraid of being the next. Panic attacks manifest either as a way of getting through tough situations as she puts it or as a reaction to overpowering feelings of loss, excitement or expectations. After reviewing Paulas case in detail it is recommended she have behavioral therapy as a start treatment program since it is the best therapy linked to trip the lymph node from low gear, a condition that is the underlying cause of Paulas panic attacks.BATD (Behavioral energizing treatment for Depression) overview, foundation and Assumptions. This treatment option bases its foundations from cognitive therapy. It basically involves activating the client from depression by encouraging them to make connection between powerful experiences both in the present and in the past with the symptoms that they may be having. In Paulas case it is panic attacks. The basic speculation of this therapy is that depression and subsequent symptoms of depression arise from life expenses of the patient and not the genetic predis fix. (Cooper, Smith & Upton, 1994).Vulnerability is severed by traumatic life events. This therapy encompasses opinion and treatment of cognitive, stimulated and behavioral aspects of the cl ients. This means that its efforts are channeled toward sharpening sociable skills of the client through training and reinforcements, imparting relaxation proficiencys as well as therapy to help relax the client, increasing pleasurable activities in the clients life say situations with more laughter and easiness, training clients on assertness and emotional expressions and restructurings the clients patterns of thoughts and cognitive perceptions.(Gortner & Jacobson, 2000, Martell, Addis & Jacobson, 2001) These areas are greatly emphasized because they alter the clients beliefs of the world around them and eventually how they choose to resolve their inner problems or conflicts which are unmixed in behaviour. According to Beck, Rush, Shaw and Emery (1979 p. 118) mentioned in Jacobson, Mortell and Dimidjian 2007, p. 257 the aim of this therapy to bring about change in the clients negative outlook in life. The beliefs and expectations of a person indecent in his cognitive make up ultim ately affect behaviour.The behavioral activation therapy recognizes that some depressions and subsequently panic attack may be or a result of genetic predisposition, it greatly emphases environmental factors as a great a preventative measure for depression maintenance. Course of treatment Paulas treatment volition commence with the asylum of therapeutic rapport with the therapist while they discuss the objectives and goals for the therapy and the sessions. This volition be achieved by encouraging Paula to ask questions and be as comfortable as possible during the sessions.Paula and the therapist will explore the implications that her depression has had on Paulas life for instance she lacks a social life, she cannot do her daily tasks any more, she will lose her job and so on. Under this treatment the therapist will be performing some functional analysis on Paula to gauge how well Paula is responding to treatment. For example, she should be able to start driving her car to work an d performing her duties at work. The use of home works will be helpful to both Paula and the therapist in finding areas that the therapy should put up on.The therapy sessions will also explore the strategies that Paula should use to avoid a recede. Paula preventive plan The beginning(a) step in her treatment plan is to get her to talk more about her unpleasant life experiences. So far she has registered commendable patterned advance into talking about her father and her young brother. When she rootage came in she was fidgety and kept checking her pulse over her neck. She had a panic stricken look but now she has relaxed a little.It is impossible to accurately state the duration that Paula might take to show full retrieval since depression can be hard to overcome with the lack of befitting support systems and the troubling environment at her workplace. Nonetheless, Paula sounds really determined to get over this problem and regain full control of her life. A cardinal hour ses sion with the psychiatrist thrice a week for a month and once a week for the following two months is recommended. This will be flexible enough for Paula to manage work and treatment. The significant people in Paula life i. e.family and coworkers need to give Paula all the support she need to overcome this milestone. This is because her depression is not just an inner problem but the environment also triggers her attacks. The boss could encourage Paula to take some early days off and maybe some days be allowed to work from home until she is ready to work full time. The mother needs to march on being there for her daughter but on the other hand encourage her to be more independent. This will ensure that she is strong enough to handle life situations on her own and avoid a relapse in case she dies.The coworkers may be a bit more supportive when she experiences panic attacks and let her know it is nothing to be dishonored of. Again, Paula should expand her social networks and support system and this will a grouchy area where she will be trained during therapy sessions. Paula seems to over think her situations and the events in her life. A case in point is where she is quick to say that her coworkers will recommend she be transferred to the mail room because of the panic attacks. She feels that she should never have an attack at the office again.She says everyone will laugh and say look at the retard at it again. She also seems to have plotted out her suicide and thought of the consequences i. e. she would go to hell, it would be painless if she overdosed on Aspirin, she would receive some sad music, the suicide letter and other details fully planned. This seems to be Paulas pattern of thinking and it is detrimental. In therapy, I will be interested in activating Paulas spontaneity and her ability to accept her vulnerabilities and limitations towards having a fuller life. Measuring progressIn order to gauge progress on Paulas treatment the therapist should be able to find improvements in Paulas frequency of panic attacks. Ideally, they should squeeze in the first month of treatment significantly. Additionally, her patterns of avoidance will be evaluated to see how well she is able to confront her fears. (Carr, 2001). For example, she avoids getting close to any man who might show interest in her hence stays away from social scenes like movies theatres and social gatherings. She also marks all the exit points to a place just incase she suffers another panic attack.Driving is also a problem to her and she has to be driven by her mother. She also avoids going out doors and stays in or soly where treatment will be effective, Paula should be able to take on her daily activities and develop healthy relationships with new people. The therapist will also make use of preparation whereby Paula can try to engage in a task she feels prohibitive or unable to handle and see how well or not she manages the situation. This homework will allow her to self monitor her own progress and in therapy session discuss the feelings of accomplishment and pleasure derived from engaging in that activity.Results of the actions So far Paula has impressively shed light on her life. She has made the first big step towards treatment and that is the resolution to seek professional help. The diagnosis is that Paula is suffering from panic disorder which overlaps severe depression. She has had traumatic life experiences and inhibit them sufficiently. However she has reached a point where the emotions and negative psychological beliefs can no longer be bottled up hence the frequent panic attacks.The panic attacks have greatly eroded her self-esteem to a point that she planned a suicide although did not execute it. After evaluating her case I recommend psychiatric assessment just to ascertain this diagnosis so that the next level of therapy i. e. relaxation therapy and psychoanalysis can commerce. Although Paula is not actively keen on attempting a nother suicide, the risk is inherent and she needs close monitoring by her family and friends before and during therapy until she is strong enough to stand on her own.Paula should enroll in an activity that will enable her to think outside herself and her problems as well as boost her self-esteem. Yoga and social gatherings will peculiarly do her a lot of good. (Gortner & Jacobson, 2000). Lastly but importantly, Paulas GP and cardiologist input would also be necessary in affirming this diagnosis so that Paula is well convinced that her panic attacks are purely psychological and not heart attack related. This will encourage her to continue the treatment. ConclusionPanic attacks are surmountable behavior activation therapy is a good way of assisting clients who suffer these attacks. The collaborative relationship between the client and the therapist should be utile in uncovering the depression in clients who suffer depression. The patterns of avoidance that Paula has developed such as avoiding relationships and friendships with others, avoiding social places staying away from work among others are crippling to Paulas life and need to be confronted. Paula has to find a way of dealing with her problems in healthy shipway.Behavioral therapyBehavioral therapy is also known as behavioral modification. It is a psychological method based on the principle that one can change the badly adjusted, maladaptive, observable, specific and self destructive behavior, through learning new and more suitable behaviors (Skinner, p 194). The origin of this theory can be traced back to the school of behaviorism which indicates that one can scientifically study psychological matters through observation of overt behavior without necessarily involving interior psychological states.Skinners theory of behaviorism accepted and supported that internal state could be part of a certain kind of behavior without necessarily being the main cause however, he declared that through environmental manipulation, one could improve on them. The behavioral theorists include Hans Eysenck, Joseph Wolpe, Harry Solomon, Ogden Lindsley and B. F Skinner and they all had different ways of looking at behavioral problems. Eysencks perspective saw behavioral problem as connection between ones behavior, the environment and personality characteristics. For the sake of this study, I will focus on B.F skinners behavioral theory (Skinner, p 198). Origin of behavioral therapy Edward Thorndike did experiments to discover the ability of dogs and cats to solve problems. He constructed wooden crates and he would cage the animals each in their own crate. The animals would escape from the crates. Though initially he just wanted to show that dogs and cats achievement could be controlled, he realized that he could measure the intelligence of these animals using his tools (Lindsley, p 34). He would set the animals for the same kind of task and observe how long it took to complete the given task.He learnt that there was no difference in performance between the animals that started an assignment and the ones that first observed the others performing (Skinner, p 89). He also learnt that when an animal did something that made it to successfully get out of the box the animal was apt(predicate) to repeat that action when faced by the same kind of problem. He concluded that reward reinforces the relationship between stimulus and action. He later formalized it to be called the law of effect (Skinner, p 199). Classical conditioning theory then came to explain that there is an association between reflex and the neutral stimulus.Watson used rats in his experiments to improve on the law of effect and apply it in behaviorism. He made a maze which the rats were supposed to follow. Once they had mastered the routes, he started putting blocks at different points of the maze (Skinner, p 94). If a route was blocked, the rats would then follow another route indicating that they had memory. Once the second route was blocked they would follow the other available route. He observed that when the reward for an action done was less, then the rats performed the task more slowly (Lindsley, p76). B.F Skinner came to improve on Thorndike and Watsons work by studying objectively behavior sequences over a prolonged period of time. He came up with the concept of operant conditioning which related the operant response and the reinforcement. This theory is based on the proposal that learning could help in change of overt behavior. People change their behavior as a result response to the occurrences in their surroundings. A given response leads to a certain outcome. When one reinforces a certain pattern of Stimulus-Response, a persons response becomes conditioned (Skinner, p 97).The key element in this theory is reinforcement this is anything that supports the response that is desired. Reinforcement could be positive or negative. Positive reinforcement makes one be encouraged to do more of t he action that led to positive results. It includes attaining satisfaction after doing something, being recognized, being praised for work well done among others. Negative reinforcement on the other hand involves the actions that make one increase the frequency of responses once a certain stimulus is withdrawn. Aversive stimulus results to the reduction of responses (Skinner, p 200).When considering this theory, schedules of reinforcement are considered to be very important. Principles under this theory are that positively reinforced behavior is very likely to reoccur. do is also a principle that states that in order to reinforce behavior, teaching should be provided in small amounts. Stimulus stimulus generalisation principles talks of reinforcement being deductd across stimuli that are similar to the original one (Lindsley, p 56). Behavior modification using B. F Skinners theory Behavior modification refers to a straight forward therapy technique that bases its arguments on ski nners theory.It indicates that one can extinguish the unloved behavior through the removal of the reiforcer and at the same time, behavior that is desired can be obtained and maintained via reinforcement. This argument has been used in work out many psychological problems. It is the preferred method when dealing with children. Other disorders which can be corrected using this therapy are anxiety disorders, phobias, take in disorders, provoke management, aggressive behavior and substance use. All these are eliminated through changing the activities and behavior that may have contributed to such disorders (Skinner, p 96).Token economy is a derivative of behavior modification and it is used in institutions like prisons, juveniles, and psychiatric hospitals. This involves giving tokens to these people whenever they behave in a certain involve way. When they revert to poor fit outs, the tokens are withdrawn. This is one way of behavior modifications that these institutions have us ed in order to keep order within the institutions. At times, Behavioral therapy methods are brought together with additional psychological involvements like medication (Skinner, p 197).This technique uses the following approaches when using behavioral therapy to change a negative behavior to a positive one systematic desensitization, flooding, behavior modification, prevention of exposure and response, operant conditioning, observational learning, contingency management, matching law, habit reversal training and covert conditioning (Lindsley, p72). Best fit patients for behavior therapy Behavioral therapy can be used as a tool to treat various problems like mental illnesses and their symptoms especially those that have maladaptive behavior.These conditions include phobias, eating disorders, anger management, aggressive behavior and substance use. perfect disorders like insomnia and incontinence could also be handled using the behavioral techniques (Skinner, p 205). This technique w orks very well in the treatment carry through of obesity. This process starts with the analysis of the activity and eating patterns in addition to other habits like dieting methods. After all this schooling is collected, the therapist uses it to come up with positive methods that can be used to promote freight loss, a positive self image and get healthier eating practices.The therapist does an analysis to the behavioral cause of stress in a patient. An appropriate method of treatment is then completed. Cognitive therapy This therapy focuses in holdfast the bad behavior through changing the patterns of thinking behind them. It involves the emotions and the thoughts of the individua leaningic and the way they can be changed so that this person starts behaving more appropriately. This therapy can be used to correct many disorders like schizophrenia, autism, shyness, neurosis, stress disorders, assistance deficit disorders, social phobias, mental disorders and addictions (McCullo ugh, Para 24).It involves helping patients to triumph over difficult situations and modifying dysfunctional emotional, behavior and thinking responses. Treatment is all about bringing together the beliefs of the client and those of the therapist and testing them. It may also include testing the kind of assumptions an individual makes in life and also constituteing the purpose of distortion of thoughts that renders them unhelpful and unrealistic (Kohlenberg, p 234). Once the therapist challenges the way an individual thinks about something, that person is likely to change the way of thinking.Initially, this therapy was used to treat people suffering from depression. Beck came up with a list which contained errors in thinking. He suggested that the errors maintained depression. They included selective abstraction, minimizing positives and magnifying negatives, over generalization and arbitrary inference (Kohlenberg, p 234). Historical development of cognitive therapy The theory of c ognitive therapy came to be more than 50 years ago and it suggested that thoughts act as a go-between to stimuli like emotions and external events.A stimulus brings out a thought which can be a weighed up appraisal of a kind and this further leads to a certain emotion. Peoples evaluation of thought about a certain stimulus is what results to an emotional response and not necessarily the stimulus itself. Beck also came up with the etiologic theory of depression under cognitive therapy. The theory indicated that people think negatively because their thinking is inclined to negative interpretations. People suffering from depression acquire negative schemas which are important ways through which information about the future the world and the self are processed.These schemas are pick out early in life maybe during childhood or puberty as a result of going through stressful events in life. When such people come across situations that are similar to the ones in which the negative schemat a was established, it becomes activated in the current situation (Kohlenberg, p 235). Beck also explained about the negative cognitive triad which constitutes negative biases and negative schemata. He proposed that people who are depressed are very likely to make unconstructive evaluations of their future, world and selves.Depressed people are impossibility thinkers according to Beck. The cognitive triad indicates that a negative schema results to cognitive bias which fuels negative schema (Kohlenberg, p 237). Researchers suggested that depression could occur as a result of responding to sensed or imaginary loss. It could also be caused by self critical characteristics of the ego. Many psychologists wrote about cognitive features of depression trying to identify the cognitive components that caused depression. They also tried to develop many cognitive intercessions that could be used to treat depression.Since then, there have been many successful cases of patients suffering from de pression getting well through cognitive therapy. His theory was contrasted by behaviorists who claimed that mental causes of problem was unmeaningful and non scientific. With time, it was merged with the behavioral therapy so as to deal with the problems that it could not have dealt with on its own (Kohlenberg, p 240). Strategies under cognitive therapy Cognitive therapy uses two strategies i. e. emotional rivet and problem focused strategies.The problem focused strategy aim at directing the client in the process of identifying the problem. The therapist then helps the client to identify the responses that are utilized in the process of reducing distress in a situation. They are also evaluated to check how effective they are. The therapist and the client then develop and examine alternative responses to see how beneficial they can be to a client. When faced with a stressful situation, the client feels empowered to make mindful alternatives and chose among them the best way in whic h to respond.This gives the patient a kind of control over situations as they try different methods of getting out of distressful situations (McCullough, Para 32). Emotional focused strategies also aim to get the same outcomes as the other strategy. This perspective aims to alter the perception of the client on the distressing event. It therefore helps in changing the level of perceived suffering. The client is helped to redefine the problem which aids in the transformation of a disaster into a challenge or even an opportunity.The process of restructuring the event can be achieved through various ways like selective attention, distancing, minimization, and looking for constructive value from any given bad situation. When all these happen, the patients get the feeling that he is in control of the situation and this contributes to reduce the levels of stress (Kohlenberg, p 245). Best fit patients for cognitive therapy Since this technique was discovered, the most common condition that it has treated is depression.Patients who have depression are allowed to endure self evaluation to check whether they act, say and do things the way they are supposed to do and how the patient views all these. Skills deficits are also established so that the therapist can know the source of the problem. Life experiences in terms of how satisfied the patient has been by the kind of life that he has lived (McCullough, p 24). The expectations of the patient are also evaluated in order to know how realistic they are. The therapist checks on the kind of self talk that the patient usually has.If it is negative, then it could be a source of depression since the patient seems not to believe in his capabilities and this could lead to negative repercussions like being fired (Kohlenberg, p 254). The process goes on to evaluate the kind of instinctive thought that the patient has. In most cases, there is consistency in that a person who usually has positive machine-controlled thought is like ly to have them, in most situations and the same case applies to negative automatic thoughts. Irrationality or rationality of ideas is evaluated because irrational ideas could cause depression.Depressed patients tend to generalize in most cases. The therapist works to find out the extent of generalization in his depressed patients. Cognitive distortion is also suss out so that the therapist can be in a position to tell the extent of depression. Optimism versus pessimism is evaluated given different situations. All these are ways through which therapists can know the causes of depression and get ways of tackling it (McCullough, p 25). Comparison and contrast between behavioral and cognitive therapyBehavioral therapy focuses on how one can change from bad behavior through strategies like reinforcement. On the other hand, cognitive therapy focuses on how there can be a change of behavior due to a change in how a person thinks about a certain situation. While cognitive therapies deal w ith emotions and thoughts that direct a person towards behaving in a particular way, behavioral therapy on the pother hand focuses on how to change and eliminate the bad behavior (Kohlenberg, p 263). While behavioral therapy deals with observation of behavior, cognitive therapy deals with the cognitive elements.

Current Trends in Technology Essay

School is no longer limited to wide-eyed reading, piece and arithmetic. The expend of technology has expanded the prospect for education, crowing us never-ending possibilities. thitherfore, technology deserves signifi keistert discipline attention in localize for disciples to possess technological survival skills. The positive effects of how it buttocks be mapd in the schoolroom to en adequate to(p) learning for t from each oneers and students bequeath be seekd as well as the need to get wind job perceptual constancy in the future. What lesson ideas tidy sum teachers do using technology? Assign a digital presentation.Students mountain express themselves to a with child(p)er extent clearly using technology. engine room sack be affaird extensively for language arts. Student reports no longer ca-ca to be limited to a create verbally report. Students instantaneously argon able to arouse access to unlimited books online. Therefore, teachers argon entirely limited by the students ability to access a computer. Web quest is alike a tool apply for books exploration. Teachers are able to use media clips to show in class. Videos are uncommitted online that champion umpteen teachers provide a opthalmic aid to the lesson that they are teaching.Power point presentations enhance instruction in the language arts classroom by storing daily objectives in a PowerPoint presentation and protrude each class session by sharing the daily objectives. Creating PowerPoint presentations for ingrained nones and providing students the slides using the hand come out of the closet option go away prevent students from center oning on simply copying the notes from the board or overhead. They go out listen to teacher comments and conciliate meaningful notes in the spaces provided. The amount of development on each slide should be limited to one or two classic bullets.Students should be encouraged to use PowerPoint presentations when they are essential to present to the class. Their self-expression and seminal thinking lot be explored with the programmes design options. Reading strategies hobo be done with the use of technology. During reading teachers rear help oneself students aerate prior knowledge and generate predictions in roam to comprehend text. Teachers mess do this when they introduce a reading lesson or topic. Using a multi-media approach, the teacher shows pictures, slides, or clips that is similar to the explanation imagination.Real life attributeions butt as well as be made with the help of these visuals, as well as helping them create mental images. Students stand be asked to make predictions on what they think the story is almost. Their answers and responses give the axe be recorded and played moxie to them after the story is over. This stimulates their interest in the current reading lesson. They go away be keener to paying attention and listening. They will be eager to escort their responses played gumption to them to see if their predictions were correct. Internet provides access to public domains.It also shake offs students the freedom to read some of the greatest written books and materials. Using websites provides students with a greater knowledge of historical and social foundations in which many pieces of literary productions rest upon. Printouts of short stories found on line brook be distributed to the class. They butt end be required to read the text and highlight the story concepts such as setting, characters and etc. Teachers and students net also set up a blog that is viewed by their class only. This allows the students to express their ideas and thoughts with the teacher and frailness versa.Students can share ideas with classmates and also read one some some others post. This helps tighten the bond between teacher and student and bring classmates encompassing(prenominal) together. They will all drop something in common that they are a part of. Th ere are a number of strategies that can be used in the teaching of reading for students. If a teacher is iridescent how they can integrate technology into their reading instruction, there are many websites that gives lesson plans and ideas. engineering also can be used with writing. Teachers are able to pose advance writing instruction with the help of technology.Projectors can be used for students to see the writing process modeled by their teachers. This gives students a befall to see how the procedure haves from rough drafting to last-place revisions. There is a lot of software in stock(predicate) that help kids make their story come alive. Programs are available that read their story back to them. How frightful is that? Kids can hear what their writing sounds like and this reach outs a chance for them to critique it even farther. Microsoft Word is a poplar application program that is used widely in education. This program allows and helps students recognize grammatical a nd spell errors.This provides students with guidance on writing a correct composition. It also guides students as well as help them overcome and accomplish the task of terminology difficulty. They are provided with a vast selection of terms. Websites are available that turn out proper organization and correct format for writing. It helps with the building and organization of thoughts for a paper. These websites serve as a learning tool. They assist teacher and students in recognizing rational and well thought-out writing ideas. Researching these web sites inspire students with many writing ideas they may have been blocked from.Not to mention, the expansion of the writing course of instruction for students with disabilities have greatly been expanded. These students are now able to use go and touch screen programs as a vogue to express their ideas. This manner is much more(prenominal) effective than the use of paper and pencil. These programs assist these students in developin g language skills as well as writing skills. The net income allows for the publishing of students work. This procedure makes the idea of an audience more real to them. It can motivate students to become authors and possibly encourage a future in the writing field.There are many websites that offer contests for students writing. Teachers should take time to find challenges for their students and inspire them to salve for profit. There are many schools that dont have the claim of having available reference books. Many publishers have made their reference books available online. another(prenominal) way to get students to write is student produced newspapers. This is a great practice for their writing skills. It also allows them to be creative, productive and arised. Technology can be used as a written language convention. Students honour their grammar skills with online games and activities.This is a way students can have fun with dry material. spontaneous language can be improve d with the use of technology. PowerPoint presentations allow students to organize their speeches and make the audience follow along with the presenter and the teacher to measure a students performance. Project base learning can greatly be increased with the use of technology. This is a way students can use technology in proportion to real life situations. Students are able to make decisions in small groups based upon their design, problem solving, resolutions, and uninflected measures. This allows students the freedom to be n charge and have full manage over their protest project. They will be digging deep into those scathing thinking skills in order for their project to run smoothly. It gives them more creative independence. This serves as a hands-on learning experience in order for students to answer and relate to the main ideas and standards of the subject area. These encounters are related to casual life. Students will be able to take what theyve learned and apply it in t heir own life. Students are also able to get involved with projects which have-to doe with classes together around the world.The internet provides structure and resources for students to do research on an international level. The use of technology broadens students horizons, their goals and beliefs. They can very connect to another part of the world. They can learn cultural nurture about places theyve only heard about. It gives them a chance to explore whats out there in the world from inside their classroom. What better way for a child to learn about new things than being in a school environment? This is safer for our kids. It takes down the risk of them exploring outdoor(a) of school on their own.A lot of children dont know whats out there because theyve never been exposed to new surroundings. Children tend to shake off away more so out of being curious. Why not fulfill that curiosity by exploring it in class? Project based learning allows children to feed their curiosity by allowing them to choose and have restraint over what they want to learn. What about drugs, sex and weapons? These are all subjects that kids can explore using technology as a guide. They can research the most harmful drugs in the United States and compared it to the harmful drugs in another country.Teenage pregnancy rate and STDs can be compared or examined around the world. Weapons that are used to kill children and or our soldiers can be brought to the students attention. These subjects are also crucial ones that need to be discussed with our youth. Students can present their information and their heads to the class. They can also come up with a way they feel these problems can be solved or minimized. There might be a student whos considering having sex, once they research and see the effects of sex up close and personal (i. e. regnancy and STDs) maybe their mind will be changed. Another one might be interested or all take a shit taking drugs. They will gain knowledge about wh at drugs really do to your body. Guns are ripening more and more poplar. Students can see get-go hand the consequences of these weapons. The innocent lives that is lost due to carelessness. As a result of the use of technology, project based learning can be upgraded staggeringly and provide a whole new level of learning experiences, which will be beneficial to the student in the long run. Technology can be used to provide visual learning.Digital storytelling challenges students to take their written ideas and translate them into a visual medium. They could write a script and then produce a depiction. Teachers can create rubrics for assessing students, writing and speaking. Teachers can use projectors in the classroom to show photographs, videos or slides. These visual aids cargo hold students engage in the instruction they are receiving. A teacher can integrate a video to go along with the lesson they are teaching. A student can only get so much from a lecture. Most people are visual learners.A video can reemphasize the information that the teacher is trying to convey. That allows those students who werent able to grasp the understand or the concept of the lesson an alternative measure. Teachers can also use technology as visual aids by printing out statistical information for students to see. They can make printouts of graphs and charts to reiterate a particular subject. There are many websites available that provide many resources and tips teachers can use to create hands-on visual aids in their classroom. This will be a great way to allow students to work together as a team.It will decrease isolation among students. They all can work in teams to research a project on the internet. Teachers can also ask students to use the internet to come up with an audio visual project they can share with the class. Students have fun and learn more when they can see what they are learning. Point blank students will be excited and eager when they are able to participa te and contribute to their own learning. Shouldnt they be able to donate and feed their own minds? Technology as visual aids is a way they can connect their interest to learning.Another visual aid that the teacher can use is handouts. Handouts are a way to reinforce the instruction that is given. It gives students a frequent overview of the material as well as drawing the key points. This will abbreviated down on confusion and students will be clearer on the focus points. Visual aids, especially audio visual help many students that have different learning styles. This strategy brings mode of students who dont have the so called, norm learning style. In history this can be used for students to see some of the places they are iscussing. Students can view pictures and artifacts with the web that will really make the lesson come alive for them. They will be like, Wow this really happened or Wow this really did go There are many websites that provide simulations for certain subjec t areas for students. knowledge is a subject where there is no limit to what students can explore and research with the help of the internet. Students can look up all types of animals and insects. This will be much more fun than just reading about them in their textbooks.They can even print out certain information they have found, with teacher approval of course. Visual aids are an awesome way to turn a classroom into an adventurous experience rather of a place. Teachers can benefit tremendously from the use of technology. Technology can help boost the relationship between students and teacher. It affects the way teachers instruct and give a lesson. Technology is a level where students and teachers can relate and identify on. Teachers can use computer tools to reorganize record keeping and clerical tasks, in order to free up time for instruction or professional development.Teachers are able to keep track of grades, behavior and other classroom information with the use of a compute r. This information can be saved and always be available for the teacher to pull up at the demand of a parent. This cuts out paper work that can often be misplaced. Teachers can input their lesson plans and goals on the handout for parents to have a record as well. Therefore isolation will be decreased by using e-mail and the Internet to communicate with colleagues, parents, and the outside world. What grown up doesnt have an e-mail?E-mail is a great way for parents to communicate with teachers effectively when face to face is not possible. Teachers are so busy often they dont have the time to call each individual parent. Simple questions and information can be exchanged through e-mail. This mode also help out working parents who cant often answer a cry call when their busy. A click in their e-mail and this problem can be eliminated. Professional development activities can be increased by taking distance education courses, accessing educational research, and accessing classroom mat erials such as lesson plans.Teachers will be able to take courses that their principal may put forward through the use of the internet. They can also take classes that can help further their education online. Also, teachers will not have to leave their classroom when they are looking for additional activities for their students. They can search the internet for educational ideas that will help productivity in their classroom. Teachers can find video clips and other materials that will go hand in hand with their lesson plans. These can serve as great visual aids and teaching tools when giving instruction.If a student poses a question that the teacher may be unclear of the answer, they can look it up together. There are a wide variety of tools that are available to help teachers transform their classroom into a more exciting place for learning. Smart boards are growing more and more poplar. These non traditional boards are a way for teachers to dribble information from their compute r screen to the class. Their also software available that help teachers set up websites for their class. Teachers can create websites that are designated specifically to the concept they are teaching, for the purpose of helping their students.This eliminates those web sites teachers are not cozy with their students exploring. The teaching of technology to our kids will help secure them a fortunate career in the future. In a demanding economy, technology skills are required to stay ahead. Jobs are being lost everyday. Why not ensure our children a spot in the years to come? Technology is used even in the simplest profession. Students not only need to learn the skills that are evident in the workforce today, but also be pay back and prepared for the technology changes that will happen in the future.

International Classification of Accounting Systems

assortment of invoice Systems Critic anyy evaluate to what extent past investigate into classification of account statement systems has become irrelevant because of inter field harmonisation efforts. tout ensembleow us incite that IASC was replaced in 2001 by IASB ( worldwide be Standards scorecard). We atomic number 18 going to start this story with the different classification researches, taking for example Hofstede and color ins studies. then(prenominal) we leave draw the main differences between generally accepted accounting principles (Generally Accepted history Principles) and IFRS (International pecuniary Reporting Standards). We will also speak about the Americanocentrism problem. To ultimately dealing with the differences and harmonisation. *Two Main Example*s* of Past Studies* *Hofstedes* societal dimensions and Grays story values Different Classification Researches The first champion is the deductive or judgmental method.Environmental factors argon identi fied and they atomic number 18 linked to national explanation practices. Then, world-wide gatheringings and victimisation patterns be proposed. The second maven is the inductive or empirical memory access where individual practices argon analyzed the grouping or development patterns are identified, and where the explanations are based on economic, social, political and cultural factors proposed. In the deductive approach, Mueller developed four approaches to story development.Macroeconomic pattern where business accounting is tied to national economic policies (Sweden, France, Germany) Microeconomic pattern where accounting is a branch of business economics (Holand) Independent discipline pattern where accounting is a service function derived from business practices (US, UK) and where accounting is considered to be dependent of developing its own conceptual framework from business practice. Uniform accounting system pattern where accounting is an efficient mean of control and administration. It takes into account that finis and historical roots are very important.Hofstede define four societal dimensions individualism versus collectivism, large versus small power distance, uncertainty deflectance story to which a firm is ok with ambiguity, masculinity preference for achievement, assertiveness, material success. promptly let us focus on Gray who has developed the succeeding(a) pairs of contrasting accounting values Professionalism VS Statutory Control there is a preference for individual judgment, self regulation. Uniformity VS flexibility there is a preference for enforcement of uniform practices.Conservatism VS Optimism there is a preference for careful approach. Secrecy VS Transparency there is a preference for confidentiality. there are a lot of international pressures equivalent the growing international interdependencies and the harmonisation of the regulatory framework. But also the new opportunities, joint ventures and alliances. *GAAP/ *IFRS Let us start by an analysis of the GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). Financial accounting relies on certain standards of the GAAP. Principles of GAAP derive from usage.There are s as yet main principles regularity or consistency, sincerity, permanence of methods, non compensation, prudence, continuity, and periodicity. In any report of financial statements ( scrutinise, compilation, or review), the auditor must testify to the reader whether or not the information contained within the statements complies with GAAP. The convergence of accounting standards, that the majority of the industrialized countries support is advantageous for the companies in the Stock transfigure they should not have to produce several financial statements and and then come through important sums of m bingley. The financial risk is reduced.The investors, for their part, can better compare and come across the financial data of companies wherever they are established. Their decision ma king is thus improved. This international harmonisation is a process making it possible to convey to a basic bringing together various accounting standards atomic number 53 big advantage can be seen when we face a coalition or an acquisition. Decisions are much easier to take. However, the experience of convergence IASB/FASB shows that many years are necessary to ensure the convergence of two reference frames moreover based on the same Anglo-Saxon culture of the businesses.This is due chiefly to an existence of an opposition between an approach by the rules in the fiber of FASB and an approach by the principles which draws IASB. IASB is at the center of the convergence movement. The IFRS are draw like founded on principles, which means that they leave a big liberty of action to the companies about the evaluation of the accounting data. The US GAAP are described like founded on rules and they aim to regulate all the possible aspects of the presentation of the accounts. T hese standards thus require very detailed information on behalf of the companies.In the case of convergence between IASB and FASB, the harmonization of the IFRS and US GAAP is currently working and common solutions have already been found. That do not prevent from the divergence of several points of view, among the principal aspects to be solved one we think about the financial instruments and the presentation of the performances. Some of the differences between US GAAP and IFRS are embodied in the standards themselves. They are intentional deviations from US requirements. Americanocentrism Some countries adopted some international standards coming to replace their national standards or to supplement them.Some stock exchange places, first of all the London one, admitted companies of which accountancy is in consistency with standards IAS and more than 200 nifty groups (majority domiciled in Canada, in France and Switzerland) produced a second set of accounts established fit to the se standards. mo even conceded at certain hostile companies the right to watch out certain rules IAS as the standard relating to the table of financing (IAS 7), to currencies (IAS 21), companies (IAS 22) and inflation effect (IAS 29).Within the European Union, some harmonization efforts about accounting methods were undertaken. Those besides knew the same fate than another(prenominal)s and must still produce tangible effects. Moreover, European countries have adopted the principle of mutual recognition of the standards. In venom of the creation of an ad hoc work group in 1990, the accounting harmonization is not a priority anymore, no proposal nor declaration has been do since. It is use consider American standards as the reference.That does not imply their high quality that just reflects economic and political reality. Unless standards IAS are not accepted by the SEC, the companies which follow them do not meet the conditions to be allowed on the American stock exchange pl aces. To be allowed, a German group like Daimler-Benz must satisfy the regulations and specifications of the Stock Exchange where its shares will be change and to match the regulations imposed by the SEC, slightly amended for the foreign transmitters.SEC requires in particular that foreign companies present either their accounts in conformity with the US GAAP or a table showing together the US GAAP rules and the accounts drawn gibe to the accounts chart of their own land (Germany in the case of Daimler-Benz). Few companies choose the first method nevertheless, even the second method is expensive. If the American Stock Exchange remains one of the more world significant markets, standards IAS non in conformity with the American rules will become obsolete. But if the SEC persists in its exclusive attitude, the domination of the American Stock Exchanges could be compromised.Can we solve the problem? Is harmonization the wait on? Then harmonization in accounting standards shall serve many of the pursual benefits Decrease in the costs of data collection Increase in the comparison of the information, Development in the capital markets, Facilitation in the fund movements render of competition advantage in favor of the firms Decrease in the audit costs and increase in the efficiency of the audit For multinationals, the advantages of harmonization are much more important.The impacts are cultural and social, on the employment and use of goods and services pattern for example which are significantly influenced. The SEC made recognise that any international reference moving away from philosophy and specificity of the American standards would not be acceptable. It profits from the support of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), insofar as generalized acceptance of standards IAS could compromise the credibility of standards FASB. *why do the differences persist? And w*hat is *mainly *stopping* the harmonization*?Let us take another example. In Japan, Keiretsu is a group of companies undertaken with cross participations which maintain very close relations of customer-suppliers type. Similar systems exist in Korea. The relations between these companies are not comparable with those which defy a holding and its subsidiary companies this system is running in unite Kingdom and the United States. Moreover, no economic argument could be brought to let off the regulation of the accounting standards. Why the practices differ o clearly from one country to another? We can for sure think about culture, tradition and history. Then, immaterial environment, legal systems (Common law & Codified Roman law), taxation, the level of inflation, accidents and external influences (such as the framing of law in response to economic or politic events for example) are the main causes of international differences. Also, liabilities, consolidation, segment reporting and foreign currency translation can be big issues in international accounting.However, the ec onomists privilege the explanations relating to factors such as the legal system and the legislation on the property rights, even if, in the final analysis, these factors themselves form part of severally culture intrinsically. Conclusion While convergence and harmonization are estimable goals with a lot of benefits, that may not easily or quick achieved. The success will not depend only on the exponent of the FASB and IASB to work together, but also on the willingness of national regulators to cooperate and to avoid issuing local interpretation of IFRS.In April 2005, SEC published the way map. This is an article by then Chief Accountant discussed the possible voiding of the US GAAP reconciliation for foreign private issuers that use IFRS. This track map laid out a series of milestones which if achieved would result in the elimination of the US GAAP reconciliation by 2009, so quite soon. It is often noted that the process of IASC standards are influenced by Anglo-American ap proach, which partly explains the reserve of certain countries to adopt the international accounting standards.The difference between Anglo-American philosophies and European ones can be explained by the importance attached to two prerequisite characteristics of accountancy reliability and relevance. To conclude, despite the existence of many convergence points, this research show several major differences between two countries supposed to follow relatively similar rules. This thus tends to catch our attention on the difficulty of international harmonization. This study seems to illustrate perfectly (unfortunately? difficulties of the international accounting harmonization. It could be interesting to carry out a reflection on other ways of making accountancies comparable in order to avoid a fundamental opposition. However, new laws gave (or will give) to companies of several countries, including France and Germany the possibility of presenting their group accounts according to the international standards, in particular those of the IASC and USGAAP, rather than the national rules. Almost all the companies having a world activity do it already, or will plausibly do it soon.BIBLIOGRAPHY Evolution of research on international accounting harmonization a historical and insitutional perspective , Socio-Economic Review, October 2007 Bosco T. , Corporate Accounting Information Systems falsify D. Connor L. , UK/US GAAP Comparison Wolk H. , Dodd J. , Accounting Theory, 7th edition Elliott B. and Elliott Jamie, Financial Accounting and Reporting, 8th edition Ernst & Whinney, LImpact de la septieme guiding la consolidation des comptes en Europe, ETP, 1985 Heem G. t Aonzo P. (2003), La calibration comptable internationale ses acteurs, sa legitimite,ses enjeux , Revue dEconomie Financiere IASC, International Accounting Standards Explained, Wiley, 2000 Ortiz E. (2005), GAAP choice by European companies , European Business Review POWER Michael, La Societe de laudit, La Decouverte, 2005 Price Waterhouse Coopers IFRS 2005 divergences France /IFRS Editions Francis Lefebvre Street D. L. and Gray S. J. et Brayant S. M. 1999), Acceptance and observance of International Accounting Standards , The International Journal of Accounting Trends in research on international accounting harmonization , The International Journal of Accounting, September 2007 Weetman P. E. , Jones A. E. , Adams C. A. and Gray S. J, Profit measurement and UK accounting standards a case of increasing inharmoniousness in relation to US GAAP and IASs . Websites www. wikipedia. fr www. lesechos. fr www. focusifrs. com www. fasb. gov www. investopedia. com www. ey. com www. authorstream. com

Negative outcomes of French Revolution Essay

nub collapse of the economy, finances, and capital. Hyperinflation devastated the economy, and country had to default on obligations and debt. Improvements happened after Napoleons reforms and by widespread confiscation of wealth from Europe (for example by asking Austria to pay for a war reparations). Anarchy and mob violence, counter-revolution, and civilian war caused death to hundreds of thousands citizens. Entire regions were depopulated by burn work tactics, and cities like Lyon destroyed. It was the biggest outbreak of violence in Europe between 30Y warfare and WWI.The extreme measures during the crisis brought a legislation that ended democracy and created first new-made totalitarian system under Terror. Constitution was suspended indefinitely, and state utilise widespread judicial murders of its critics and the opponents. Intellectual potential of the state was decimated at the decollate or by exile.One point, almost entire French academy was tried for treason in May/ June 1794. Revolution was negatively interpreted by rest of Europe, which was dragged for 25 years into coalition wars with France.

Interviewing two teachers Essay

Teachers have a very important just laborious job in our society. They argon educators, counselors, coaches, friends, and roundtimes even a maternal(p) figure all at the same time. This is a very lumbering burden to carry while trying to educate our youth. The two instructors that were interviewed for this musical composition were Victoria Rivera, a sixth grade teacher from Brooklyn, unfermented York, and Marcus Williams, a high check history teacher that also lives in Brooklyn, New York. Mrs. Rivera was the first of the two interviews.Victoria Rivera wanted to become a teacher her entire life, and has achieved that remainder by fitting one. She graduated with a learn degree from Brooklyn College , and has been teaching in the New York city public school system since 1983. Her main reason for becoming a teacher was because of recent teachers. During the interview, she verbalize that she was impressed by teachers she had as a child. She also added that as a youth, she found it amusing to play school while work on her own studies. I protected what I learned by role playing as a teacher, was one of her responses.Marcus Williams was the second interview. He graduated from Hunter College, in Manhattan, and has been teaching in New York City public highschools for about 6 years. When asked his main reason for becoming a teacher his response was, There be a want of positive African-American male teachers in New York. I incur that young nipperity males especially African-Americans demand positive men figures in their life anyway they can go bad it. Mr. Williams also said that he feels teaching is essential for trying to give young people practised education.Mrs. Rivera is really a teacher that strongly cares about the scholars. When asked what is her opinion of an dramatic teacher, Mrs. Riveras first response was, A person who can retain childrens attention while they achieve their aim or goal She said that this is important because there ar e so many distractions in todays society, that it is difficult, but important for teachers to meet the challenges of todays student. She came off as very caring, and student oriented.On the other hand, Mr. Williams believed that an large(p) teacher was someone students could closely relate to. He felt that students need to feel comfortable around teachers. He said, One of the reasons that I swear out coach the football team is because students can see me on a more personal level. I am very close to some of the players on the team, and at times I feel as if they image at me as an older friend, and counselor, rather then just another(prenominal) history teacher.Mrs. Rivera was then asked what major teaching strategies does she use. Inresponse she said that she thinks hands on lessons, and student involvement wasvery important. She said that student involvement in twelvemonth discussions often leads to student interaction. Students remember purify when they talk about a topic them selves, instead of just taking notes. Mr. Williams happened to agree with Mrs. Rivera. He said during his interview that in his classes there are many discussions about current events, and also the lessons. He felt that students are capable of having intelligent conversation whether the discussion is about a explore paper for class, or a discussion about the possible fight in Iraq. both(prenominal) Mr. Williams, and Mrs. Rivera said that the workload afterwards school is the around difficult part of teaching to deal with. Mrs. Rivera said that she spends two to triple hours after school doing paperwork. On the other hand Mr. Williams said that after football practice he spends between two to four hours grading papers, tests and doing other paperwork. He teaches six different sections a day, compared to the one class that Mrs. Rivera has all day. Mrs. Rivera also said that discipline, and drop of parental involvement are also difficulties she comes across teaching. She said, I do have a minor in psychology, so I try to put myself in the parents shoes. I try to stay positive and understand parents situations, but have to get the point across of how students should progress. Mr. Williams agreed withMrs. Riveras comments. He said that at the high school level there is aneven greater escape of parental involvement then in the elementary schools.In end point from the two interviews, I have learned both some of the positives, and negatives of teaching. Paperwork, and lack of parental involvement seem to be the most difficult problems to overcome. Both Mrs. Rivera, and Mr. Williams are dedicated to helping students achieve overall success in education, and also in life. They are two teachers who want nothing else but to help the students they are dealing with, and to be successful professionals.

Rang de Basanti Notes

* Rang de Basanti * You Pakistani snap. Police bribed. Extreme nationalism no western music, dancing, and so on * Mother figure, mother India * Around 30 mins, say what is there to be patriotic about? Corrpution, population, and so on But fighter pilot says no country is perfect, Im still entrusting to break-dance my sustenance for my country. * Karan college kid, pressure from father. Every second some unity is born in this country, no wholeness cares about them. Neither government nor God. Do something or else you will be one of them. SMS generation * Dont let word-painting seriously at first, make fun of the language.Different times, say they cant relate. * Aslam Muslim, with Hindu friends. Family portrayed as violent, hating Hindus because Muslims are non accepted in India. * Sue is disappointed that India is not the romantic country she thought it was? * They had imbed new heroes, and we had no one to blame but ourselves. We were hearing the echoes of our knowledg e guns. Scene of the Amritsar massacre. Men, women, children fired upon by Dyers armyas they tried to escape, women with babies jumping in wells. Boys say we are like ants, taking everything lying down/not reacting.Mom says this generation lacks will to do anything someone part of the massacre went on the whole the way to London to kill Dyer. Punjab families send at least one son to army, sacrifice runs in blood militant portrayal of Punjabs? * Friends scene saying maybe Ashfaq should go to Afghanistan, he will be steady-going with his own. Friend asks why am I not one of your own? First friend asks for forgiveness, it is as much your country as it is mine. * Not terrorists, revolutionaries. Tortured, but did not break. McKinley had a problem with the torture, Bismil said it is not your fault you are just doing your duty. Went to Ashfaq, said Bismil will create a country for Hindus. He said no, this is for the freedom on Hindustan, but you wouldnt understand because youve been a slave to that kind of thought for so long. * Did revolutionaries give their lives for nothing? One leg in future, one leg in past. Why dont you do something to change it? Difference is how you go to the spartan. * A womans place is at her husbands feet laughed at. * Drastic measures. Takes a loud noise to open deaf ears. aridness strikes in prison. * He got his 21 gun salute at his funeral.But was it in vain? Died with his countrys flag. Saved many lives by not crashing it into the city. Corruption scandal. * Laxmans realization might mirror what young nationalists open at that time? Saw leader of his movement doing nothing, when they supposedly fought for India. fair mass were getting hurt aran has finally found his cause. waking up * Colonial legacies left one behind for another? Cycle. * Class struggles Sukhi says Karans father will just bail him out. Accuses him of knowing that his father was corrupt. * deterrent example superiority.Bond over common cause, all rivals /problems are overcome * Change from at bottom * Divisive/polarizing figure some say dont take the law into your own hands, others praise as the right thing to do when politicians control the law * Revolutionary vs. terrorists * Why didnt the boys join politics, army, police, etc. to change the way that Ajay said to? * 1 people who go to their grave screaming. 2 people who die without a sound. Third kind of people he came across as being the ones who embraced death as a friend and an equal, with a heartfelt laughter

Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying in Foreign Universities

During this era, students who oblige completed their secondary studies whitethorn want to still their studies in local universities or overseas universities. The students may either decree a job afterward leaving their school or merely their studies in university. Some of the well to do students may opt for unusual universities. But there ar advantages and disadvantages while students pursuing their studies in immaterial universities.The advantage of pursuing studies in foreign universities is, they have better vulnerability and wider knowledge. Foreign universities atomic number 18 prestigious and reputable. They hired experienced lectures to teach the students, resulting the students amend tremendously, as the students bequeath understand the topic easily. The university has a big and snug school compound for students to release their stress. They are also providing with complete facilities for students such(prenominal) as well equip library, research center, free wi- fi spot and many more for students to access. Students forget be able to do their project or assignment while using these facilities.The other advantage of pursuing studies in universities is they can acquaint modern friends from other violates of the world. Students will have to leave their beloved parents and friends when they head to overseas. However, universities will organize some kindly activities to allow the new intakes to meet their new friends before they start their semester. The new intakes will be able to find their new friends here during penchant through hobbies and common interest. If the students have depended on their family members at home to do their daily chores, he or she will have to seek their friends when they are abroad.Last but not least, the crucial advantage of pursuing studies in foreign universities is to be self- independent that is once students leave their cozy home, there will be no i to wash up their clothes, tidy up their messy room, prepa re and cook delicious meal and no wizard to greet them good morning nor good night. Therefore, students have to manage things, take decision and do all their housework by themselves.Besides the advantages, there are also disadvantages. The disadvantage is that their parents have to pay an expensive fee in order for them to complete their education abroad. Some the students may come from a medium family and has the opportunity to pursue their studies in foreign universities but they approach financial constraint to pay for their school fees. This forced them to get part time jobs in order pay their own fees. It will be tough for them as they have to rush to the working place after their studies. Some of them just gave up and they packed their bags and headed back to their own state due to financial problem. However, they are still some of them who studied weighty while struggling with the fees problem, as they trusted there is always a rainbow waiting for them after the rainstor m.The next disadvantage is students may be homesick. They may feel lost when they are new in the unfamiliar city. They will feel anxiety if they cannot adapt to it. This may cause students to lost their sign aims, their fighting spirit and they start fleeing to places to escape from the reality such as pubs. This is will ruin their education if they cannot extract themselves from that negative emotion. In conclusion, everything has its pros and cons in it where there is always advantages and disadvantages of pursuing studies in a foreign universities and one may excel if one work hard despite faraway away from home.

Is Your Glass Half Full or Half Empty Essay

Shakespe ar quotes there is nothing straightforward or bad further intellection makes it so. These are words of wisdom, as Shakespeare had discovered centuries ago that are still relative to the day-after-day events that occur for the average twenty-first coulomb adult. People often waste too much time thinking about small negative aspects of their day which creates added reach that is not necessary. similar over analyzing every situation of a minor nuisance youve encountered. test from daily negative occurrences throughout the day everyday add up and have significant harmful do on mental and material health. taste, however is subjective and lies in the eye of the beholder. Therefore emphasise in truth does not exist at all, it is all in your mind and you are the one that makes the decision to over analyze every little detail of a situation or not, which allows your thinking, perceptions, attitudes, and appraisals of events to determine what is centeringful to you. Wh at initially causes stress is anything that you look upon that is bad or negative in some way. It is how and what we discern to be negative that brings upon stress on ones daily life.A decision is based on ones judgments of their consume estimation of value, worth, and quality given a specific situation. According to Cannon-Bards theory of emotion, the response comes after the fear experience. Therefore one depart experience fear, or stress from threats, illness, flip-flop, danger, pressure, conflict, long term frustration, or anxiety. Stress and fear can evolve from any form of threat that is in truth or perceived. cognitive reactions are the result of Shakespeares quote, therefore the responses to stress after the initial threat or fear.Cognitive reactions teach you methods to change over your perception of the way you think for future prevention. Neuroticism is the response that includes emotional, anxious, insecure, and defenseless aspects regarding stress. health conseq uences include both physical and psychological make. Physical effects include hypertension, eating disorders, procrastination, low immune system, and high levels of cortisol. Psychological effects include impaired memory, impaired performance, and inability to respond to a situation.Health psychology is the around current approach to increase the potential of ordinary well-being. Health psychologists remember in prevention rather than treatment. Therefore they dish to predict the onset before an episode. Changing ones carriage plays a huge role in the resolution of healthy living. Cognitive Therapy is the modern approach which involves changing the way you think and understanding the motive to abandon your old reasoning for a new different posture on the same thought.The ABC model, where the B in the model stands for beliefs is the most crucial part when analyzing Shakespeare quote. The problem is that people have different believes, opinions, and perceptions of what is good and bad. Unconsciously we begin to form a belief system of what we believe is good and bad from parents, peers, and school. We use beliefs to interpret ourselves, other people and the initiation in general. In conclusion, the essence on Shakespeares quote is to neer say anything bad about yourself therefore you avoid the entire caprice of the negative pessimistic attitude.The power of positive thinking will change your perspective and feelings. From a cognitive perspective, you can create happiness by decreasing your negative thoughts and increasing your positive optimistic thoughts and views and reducing stress to live a healthy and positive life. When analyzing the question is your glass half full or empty? is hinting at how you view life in general either with an optimistic or pessimistic view. The decision is at last up to you.

Alcohol Abuse Introduction

inebriantic whoop it upic assimilateism and Alcohol Ab theatrical role Signs, Symptoms, and Help for d unravelkenness Problems Its non constantly subdued to see when your intoxi atomic number 50tic potableic beverage habituation has crossed the line from moderate or fond use to problem deglutition. merely(prenominal) when if you consume intoxi plentyt to cope with difficulties or to avoid feeling bad, youre in potentially dangerous territory. dipsomania and intoxi deposetic drink rib arse sneak up on you, so its important to be aw atomic number 18 of the warning distinctions and convey go to cut back if you recognize them. Understanding the problem is the first stair to oercoming it. In This Article * Understanding drunkenness problems * Signs & symptoms of inebriantic drink misapply Signs & symptoms of drink * Drinking problems and denial * Effects of boozing * Getting help for alcohol maltreat * When a love one has a pot fitted problem Underst anding dipsomania and alcohol cry out(p) alcoholism and alcohol abuse be due to many interconnected factors, including genetics, how you were raised, your social environment, and your emotional wellness. close to racial groups, such as Ameri stand Indians and Native Alaskans, are much at risk than others of developing alcohol addiction. People who induct a family history of alcoholism or who associate closely with levelheaded juice reamers are much likely to develop swallow problems.Finally, those who fall back from a mental health problem such as anxiety, depression, or bipolar disarray are also particularly at risk, because alcohol may be utilise to self-medicate. Since drink is so common in many cultures and the puzzle vary so widely from person to person, its not al shipway easy to figure away where the line is between social potable and problem drinking. The bottom line is how alcohol affects you. If your drinking is causing problems in your animation, you have a drinking problem. Do you have a drinking problem? You may have a drinking problem if you disembodied spirit viciousnessy or ashamed ab go forth your drinking. * Lie to others or felled seam your drinking habits. * Have friends or family members who are worried about your drinking. * invite to drink in order to relax or feel better. * raw out or forget what you did while you were drinking. * Regularly drink more than than you intended to. Signs and symptoms of alcohol abuse Substance abuse experts even out a distinction between alcohol abuse and alcoholism (also called alcohol dependence). strange cloudbursts, alcohol abusers have some ability to set limits on their drinking.However, their alcohol use is still self-destructive and dangerous to themselves or others. Common signs and symptoms of alcohol abuse include * Repeatedly neglecting your responsibilities at home, behave, or school because of your drinking. For example, perform poorly at work, flunking cla sses, neglecting your kids, or skipping out on commitments because youre hung over. * utilise alcohol in situations where its physically dangerous, such as drinking and driving, operating machinery while intoxicated, or mixing alcohol with prescription medical specialty against doctors orders. Experiencing repeated legal problems on account of your drinking. For example, acquire arrested for driving under the influence or for drunk and disorderly conduct. * inveterate to drink however though your alcohol use is causing problems in your relationships. Getting drunk with your buddies, for example, scour though you know your wife willing be very upset, or fighting with your family because they dislike how you act when you drink. * Drinking as a way to relax or de-stress. Many drinking problems start when commonwealth use alcohol to self-soothe and relieve stress.Getting drunk by and by any stressful daylight, for example, or reaching for a bottle every time you have an argum ent with your spouse or boss. The path from alcohol abuse to alcoholism Not all alcohol abusers beseem matured hards, scarcely it is a big risk factor. Sometimes alcoholism develops all of a sudden in response to a stressful change, such as a breakup, retirement, or another loss. another(prenominal) times, it gradually creeps up on you as your tolerance to alcohol increases. If youre a binge drinker or you drink every day, the risks of developing alcoholism are giganticer. Signs and symptoms of alcoholism (alcohol dependence) intoxication is the most severe form of problem drinking. drink involves all the symptoms of alcohol abuse, but it also involves another element physical dependence on alcohol. If you rely on alcohol to function or feel physically compelled to drink, youre an alcoholic. Tolerance The 1st major warning sign of alcoholism Do you have to drink a lot more than you used to in order to get buzzed or to feel relaxed? Can you drink more than other people without getting drunk? These are signs of tolerance, which can be an early warning sign of alcoholism. Tolerance means that, over time, you need more and more alcohol to feel the same set up.Withdrawal The import major warning sign of alcoholism Do you need a drink to steady the shakes in the morning? Drinking to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms is a sign of alcoholism and a broad red flag. When you drink heavily, your body gets used to the alcohol and experiences withdrawal symptoms if its aimn away. These include * Anxiety or jumpiness * Shakiness or trembling * Sweating * Nausea and vomiting * Insomnia * Depression * Irritability * run down * Loss of appetite * Headache In severe cases, withdrawal from alcohol can also involve hallucinations, confusion, seizures, fever, and agitation.These symptoms can be dangerous, so address to your doctor if you are a heavy drinker and loss to leave. Other signs and symptoms of alcoholism (alcohol dependence) * Youve lost control over y our drinking. You often drink more alcohol than you wanted to, for longer than you intended, or despite classifying yourself you wouldnt. * You want to let go drinking, but you cant. You have a persistent want to cut down or stop your alcohol use, but your efforts to quit have been unsuccessful. * You have given up other activities because of alcohol.Youre outgo less time on activities that used to be important to you (hanging out with family and friends, going to the gym, pursuing your hobbies) because of your alcohol use. * Alcohol takes up a great deal of your energy and focus. You spend a lot of time drinking, thinking about it, or recovering from its effects. You have few if any interests or social involvements that arrogatet revolve around drinking. * You drink even though you know its causing problems. For example, you recognize that your alcohol use is change your marriage, making your depression worse, or causing health problems, but you continue to drink anyway.Drink ing problems and denial Is my drinking a problem? by Harvard Health Publications Denial is one of the biggest obstacles to getting help for alcohol abuse and alcoholism. The desire to drink is so strong that the mind finds many ways to rationalize drinking, even when the consequences are obvious. By keeping you from looking aboveboard at your behavior and its negative effects, denial also exacerbates alcohol-related problems with work, finances, and relationships. If you have a drinking problem, you may deny it by * Drastically underestimating how much you drink Downplaying the negative consequences of your drinking * Complaining that family and friends are exaggerating the problem * Blaming your drinking or drinking-related problems on others For example, you may blame an unfair boss for trouble at work or a nagging wife for your marital issues, rather than look at how your drinking is contributing to the problem. While work, relationship, and financial stresses choke to everyon e, an overall pattern of deterioration and blaming others may be a sign of trouble.If you find yourself rationalizing your drinking habits, lying about them, or refusing to discuss the subject, take a moment to consider why youre so defensive. If you rattling believe you dont have a problem, on that point should be no reason for you to cover up your drinking or make explicates. Five myths about alcoholism and alcohol abuse Myth 1 I can stop drinking anytime I want to. perhaps you can more likely, you cant. Either way, its just an excuse to keep drinking. The truth is, you dont want to stop.Telling yourself you can quit makes you feel in control, despite all evidence to the contrary and no matter the damage its doing. Myth 2 My drinking is my problem. Im the one it hurts, so no one has the right to tell me to stop. Its true that the decision to quit drinking is up to you. But you are deceiving yourself if you think that your drinking hurts no one else but you. Alcoholism affects everyone around youespecially the people closest to you. Your problem is their problem. Myth 3 I dont drink every day, so I cant be an alcoholic OR I notwithstanding drink wine or beer, so I cant be an alcoholic.Alcoholism is NOT defined by what you drink, when you drink it, or even how much you drink. Its the EFFECTS of your drinking that define a problem. If your drinking is causing problems in your home or work life, you have a drinking problemwhether you drink daily or all on the weekends, down shots of tequila or stick to wine, drink three bottles of beers a day or three bottles of whiskey. Myth 4 Im not an alcoholic because I have a job and Im doing okay. You dont have to be homeless and drinking out of a brown paper bag to be an alcoholic.Many alcoholics are able to hold down jobs, get through school, and provide for their families. Some are even able to excel. But just because youre a high-functioning alcoholic doesnt mean youre not putting yourself or others in danger. Ov er time, the effects will catch up with you. Myth 5 Drinking is not a real addiction like medicate abuse. Alcohol is a drug, and alcoholism is every bit as damaging as drug addiction. Alcohol addiction causes changes in the body and brain, and long-term alcohol abuse can have devastating effects on your health, your career, and your relationships.Alcoholics go through physical withdrawal when they stop drinking, just like drug users do when they quit. Effects of alcoholism and alcohol abuse Alcoholism and alcohol abuse can affect all aspects of your life. Long-term alcohol use can cause serious health complications, affecting nigh every organ in your body, including your brain. Problem drinking can also damage your emotional stability, finances, career, and your ability to build and sustain satisfying relationships. Alcoholism and alcohol abuse can also have an impact on your family, friends and the people you work with.The effects of alcoholism and alcohol abuse on the people yo u love Despite the potentially lethal damage that heavy drinking does to the bodyincluding cancer, realiset problems, and liver diseasethe social consequences can be just as devastating. Alcoholics and alcohol abusers are much more likely to get divorced, have problems with domestic violence, struggle with unemployment, and live in poverty. But even if youre able to succeed at work or hold your marriage together, you cant escape the effects that alcoholism and alcohol abuse has on your personal relationships.Drinking problems put an tremendous strain on the people closest to you. Often, family members and close friends feel oblige to cover for the person with the drinking problem. So they take on the effect of cleaning up your messes, lying for you, or working more to make ends meet. Pretending that nothing is wrong and hiding away all of their fears and resentments can take an enormous toll. Children are especially sensitive and can suffer long-lasting emotional scathe when a parent or caretaker is an alcoholic or heavy drinker. Getting help for alcoholism or alcohol abuseIf youre ready to admit you have a drinking problem, youve already taken the first step. It takes tremendous strength and courage to face alcohol abuse and alcoholism head on. Reaching out for financing is the second step. Whether you choose to go to rehab, rely on self-help programs, get therapy, or take a self-directed treatment approach, support is essential. Recovering from alcohol addiction is much easier when you have people you can lean on for encouragement, hassock, and guidance. Without support, its easy to fall back into old patterns when things get tough.Getting sober is only the beginning Learn about roadblocks to staying sober Watch 3 min. telecasting Roadblocks to awareness Your continued recovery depends on continuing mental health treatment, learning healthy act strategies, and making better decisions when dealing with lifes challenges. In order to stay alcohol-free for the long term, youll also have to face the underlying problems that led to your alcoholism or alcohol abuse in the first place. Those problems could be depression, an inability to manage stress, an unresolved trauma from your childhood, or any number of mental health issues.Such problems may engender more prominent when youre no longer using alcohol to cover them up. But you will be in a healthier position to finally address them and seek the help you need. Helping a loved one with alcoholism or alcohol abuse If individual you love has a drinking problem, you may be struggling with a number of monstrous emotions, including shame, fear, anger, and self-blame. The problem may be so overpowering that it seems easier to ignore it and pretend that nothing is wrong. But in the long run denying it will be more damaging to you, other family members, and the person with the drinking problem.What Not To Do * Dont attempt to punish, threaten, bribe, or preach. * Dont chastise to be a martyr. Avoid emotional appeals that may only increase feelings of guilt and the indispensability to drink or use other drugs. * Dont cover up or make excuses for the alcoholic or problem drinker or riddle them from the realistic consequences of their behavior. * Dont take over their responsibilities, leaving them with no sand of vastness or dignity. * Dont hide or dump bottles, throw out drugs, or shelter them from situations where alcohol is present. * Dont argue with the person when they are impaired. Dont try to drink along with the problem drinker. * Above all, dont feel guilty or amenable for anothers behavior. Adapted from National Clearinghouse for Alcohol Drug Information Dealing with a loved ones alcohol problem can be an emotional rollercoaster. Its vital that you take care of yourself and get the support you need. Its also important to have people you can rebuke honestly and openly with about what youre going through. A neat place to start is by joining a group such as Al-Anon, a free peer support group for families coping with alcoholism.Listening to others with the same challenges can be a tremendous source of comfort and support. You can also turn to trusted friends, a therapist, or people in your faith community. * You cannot force someone you love to stop abusing alcohol. As much as you may want to, and as hard as it is to watch, you cannot make someone stop drinking. The choice is up to them. * Dont expect the person to stop drinking and stay sober without help. Your loved one will need treatment, support, and new coping skills to overcome a serious drinking problem. * Recovery is n ongoing process. Recovery is a bumpy road, requiring time and patience. An alcoholic will not magically become a different person once sober. And the problems that led to the alcohol abuse in the first place will have to be faced. Admitting that theres a serious problem can be painful for the whole family, not just the alcohol abuser. But dont be ashamed. Youre not alone. Alcoholism and alcohol abuse affects millions of families, from every social class, race, and culture. But there is help and support available for both(prenominal) you and your loved one.What Not To Do * Dont attempt to punish, threaten, bribe, or preach. * Dont try to be a martyr. Avoid emotional appeals that may only increase feelings of guilt and the compulsion to drink or use other drugs. * Dont cover up or make excuses for the alcoholic or problem drinker or shield them from the realistic consequences of their behavior. * Dont take over their responsibilities, leaving them with no sense of importance or dignity. * Dont hide or dump bottles, throw out drugs, or shelter them from situations where alcohol is present. Dont argue with the person when they are impaired. * Dont try to drink along with the problem drinker. * Above all, dont feel guilty or responsible for anothers behavior. Adapted from National Clearinghouse for Alcohol & Drug Information When your juvenile has a drinking problem Discovering your child is drinking can fetch fear, confusion, and anger in parents. Its important to remain calm when confronting your teen, and only do so when everyone is sober. Explain your concerns and make it clear that your concern comes from a place of love.Its important that your teen feels you are supportive. Five go parents can take 1. Lay down rules and consequences Your teen should understand that drinking alcohol comes with specific consequences. But dont make cut into threats or set rules that you cannot employ. Make sure your spouse agrees with the rules and is prepared to enforce them. 2. Monitor your teens activity Know where your teen goes and who he or she hangs out with. Re carry or lock away alcohol from your home and routinely check potential hiding laces for alcoholin backpacks, under the bed, between clothes in a drawer, for example. Explain to your teen that this lack of privacy is a consequence of him or her having been caught using alcohol. 3. throw out other interests and social activities. Expose your teen to healthy hobbies and activities, such as team sports, Scouts, and afterschool clubs. 4. Talk to your child about underlying issues. Drinking can be the result of other problems. Is your child having trouble fitting in? Has there been a recent major change, like a move or divorce, which is causing stress? . Get outside help You dont have to go it alone. Teenagers often rebel against their parents but if they hear the same information from a different authority figure, they may be more inclined to listen. Try seeking help from a sports coach, family doctor, therapist, or counselor. Next step Find the right treatment for you. Many impelling alcohol treatment options are available, including rehab programs. However, professional help isnt the only way to get better. There are also plenty of things you can do to help yourself stop drinking and achieve lasting recovery.